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Fossil teeth are used for palaeoenvironmental reconstructions. Among the criteria used, the geochemical composition is favoured, because it is said that the enamel is exempt from diagenetic changes. The combined microstructural and chemical analyses of rodent incisors from the cave of El Hahroura 2 (Morocco, Middle Palaeolithic–Neolithic) using scanning electron microscopy, an electron microprobe...
Fishes of the family Clupeidae are extremely abundant in the Eocene fossiliferous limestone of Monte Bolca representing the most common group from this celebrated locality. A new clupeid from the Pesciara site, Eoalosa janvieri gen. et sp. nov., is described. The new taxon exhibits a unique combination of characters supporting its recognition as a new genus and species of clupeid fish that is tentatively...
Here, a fragment of a mandible recently discovered in the Cerro Zamuro site (Castillo Formation, Lara State, northwestern Venezuela) is assigned to the giant gavialoid Gryposuchus. This specimen, recovered from putative brackish environments of the early Miocene (~18 Ma) age, is unequivocally the earliest record of the genus in South America. Gryposuchus, together with the other gryposuchine previously...
New species of Paramegateuthis (Megateuthididae) and Cylindroteuthis (Cylindroteuthididae) are described from the Bajocian–Bathonian boundary interval of the Yuryung-Tumus Peninsula, northern Siberia, Russia. Additionally, Paramegateuthis subishmensis Stoyanova-Vergilova, 1983, first documented from the Sub-Mediterranean region, is described herein from the Arctic. We propose the presence of a temporary...
Samples of the burrows studied herein, originally introduced as Eione moniliformis Tate, have been collected from the heterolithic sandstone and siltstone beds of a coastal outcrop near the town of Howick, Northumberland, UK. These interbedded and hummocky cross-stratified beds, belonging to the Stainmore Formation, are Carboniferous and represent offshore marine sediment deposited between the fair...
The Coburg Sandstone member of the Hassberge Formation, Middle Keuper, Carnian, Upper Triassic, in the Germanic Basin of Central Europe contains spinicaudatan branchiopods which considerably broaden the known spectrum and provide important data on the phylogenetic history and intercontinental correlation of this systematic group. The spinicaudatan fauna for this lithostratigraphic unit is described...
A temporarily exposed 6-m succession of raised reefal limestone terrace south of Sharm Obhur (Jeddah) was investigated with regard to macrofossil gastropods and their palaeoenvironmental implications. The studied succession consists of two distinct layers. The lower layer consists of white limestone (4 m thick) of Late Pleistocene age, while the upper layer consists of shell-rich calcareous clay (2 m...
The parasitoid wasp family Ichneumonidae is one of the most species-rich groups of organisms, but its fossil record remains very poorly studied, which impedes inferences of the origin of its diversity. We here describe two new fossil genera and five new species of Ichneumonidae from the Eocene Green River Formation: Carinibus molestus gen. et sp. nov., Ichninsum appendicrassum gen. et sp. nov., Mesoclistus...
A great number of carnivoran remains from various late Miocene localities of Turkey, housed in the Natural History Museum of Aegean University, Bornova-Izmir, are described and compared with those from Eurasian localities for their determination. Thirteen different taxa were determined and some of them are recognized for the first time in Turkey or in their localities. Noteworthy is the presence of...
The unique find of a stem group echinoid with a rotular, flexible corona composed of multiserial ambulacra and interambulacra from the Upper Muschelkalk Calcaire à Entroques (Middle Triassic, late Anisian, late Illyrian) of East France is described. The articulate specimen allows description of all characters besides the apical disc that was lost. The echinoid described as Lazarechinus mirabeti represents...
We report new fossil evidence of terror bird survival until the end of the Pleistocene in Uruguay. The new specimens comprise the distal portion of right tarsometatarsus and a left humerus; the latter is assigned to the genus Psilopterus. The sedimentary context of the remains yields a characteristic Pleistocene mammalian association along with numerical age dating giving an undoubted late Pleistocene...
Serpulid-dominated shell beds from the Lower Bajocian (Middle Jurassic) of the Central High Atlas (Morocco) are primarily formed by quadrangular tubes of the serpulid polychaete Nogrobs moroccensis sp. nov. The transverse tube ornament consisting predominately of wrinkles, the lack of narrow spirals and the shortness or absence of attached posterior tube portion represent the diagnostic features of...
Here, we review and discuss the records and taxonomy of the Ypresian (Eocene) chondrichthyans from the famous Bolca Konservat-Lagerstätte in northeastern Italy. Despite the outstanding diversity and the numerous studies focusing on the actinopterygian faunas from Pesciara and Monte Postale, the current knowledge about the systematics, taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships of the cartilaginous fishes...
Coscinopleurid cheilostome bryozoans are widespread in Latest Cretaceous sediments throughout the whole Boreal Chalk Sea. Despite having many polymorphs that can readily be distinguished, intraspecific plasticity is high and polymorph morphology shows only little variation over time. This significantly hampers taxon differentiation in coscinopleurids. In this study, we revise type material of three...
Coloninae is a tiny and distinctive subfamily of the highly diverse family Leiodidae (round fungus and small carrion beetles). Although only one leiodid fossil is known from the Mesozoic, its taxonomic position and classification are doubtful. We describe the first definitive Coloninae fossil, Colon burmiticum Yamamoto sp. nov., from Upper Cretaceous amber of Myanmar. Our finding sheds light on the...
A new fossil amniote from the Fossil Forest of Chemnitz (Sakmarian-Artinskian transition, Germany) is described as Ascendonanus nestleri gen. et sp. nov., based on five articulated skeletons with integumentary preservation. The slender animals exhibit a generalistic, lizard-like morphology. However, their synapsid temporal fenestration, ventrally ridged centra and enlarged iliac blades indicate a...
Limpet-like and non-mineralized fossils from the upper Kimmeridgian Nusplingen Plattenkalk are identified as internal shells of coleoid cephalopods, more specifically as octobrachian gladii. The significantly reduced median field provokes us to consider this new gladius type to be shorter than the mantle length. It is consequently seen as a vestigial gladius. The first recognition of an unpaired gladius...
Thalattosuchian crocodiles belonging to the taxon Metriorhynchidae are among the first fossil reptiles ever discovered. Taxa belonging to this morphologically distinctive, stratigraphically long-lived, and widely spread group were described long before Richard Owen in 1841 coined the term “dinosaur” (e.g., Geosaurus giganteus described by von Soemmerring in 1814). Here we describe a new find of a...
We describe two new extinct caddisflies, Electroadicella kuenowi sp. nov. and Triaenodes simoni sp. nov., embedded in Baltic amber. Both species belong to the tribe Triaenodini and enlarge the family Leptoceridae to a remarkable number of 18 extinct Eocene species from Baltic amber. The extinct Electroadicella and the extant Triaenodes are possibly closely related, by a distinct synapomorphy, a recurved...
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