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Two recent European Community Directives – the Security of Electricity Supply Directive of 2004 and the Security of Gas Supply Directive of 2005 – propose to address some problems of Europe’s new ‘energy landscape’. As the Commission’s 2006 Green Paper on Energy Strategy proves, such problems are many, large, complex and intertwined. Security of energy supply has at least four aspects to it, three...
In its early days, it was mainly the European Commission which fought for an internal energy market. The enactment of the 2003 acceleration package showed that the member states had adopted this common goal. As one of the central Community institutions, the European Court of Justice has been a part in this project from the very beginning. This article will look at the participation of the European...
The article addresses two new aspects of the role of State aid for environmental and energy projects in the EU: aid for infrastructure and aid for nuclear energy projects. Aid for infrastructure projects may be necessary given the funding gap and the necessity to upgrade and modernise new technologies and this is now regulated in the GBER and the Environmental and Energy Guidelines. In the area of...
The European Union’s “Road to the Paris Agreement” did not include unilateral legislative instruments such as those it adopted before previous conferences pursuant to its exemplarity policy in climate negotiations. Rather, the Member States agreed in principle on new targets, some binding on both the European Union and Member States, such as those concerning greenhouse gas emissions from both emissions...
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