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Genetic progress has brought about a dramatic increase in yield potential per se for almost all production areas around the world. The present study examines the relationship of wheat yield with year of release, yield components, harvest index (HI), biomass production, and plant height. We used aggregative data from 1945 to 2010 to calculate genetic gain in wheat yield across different zones in China...
Stripe rust (or yellow rust), caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, is one of the most destructive diseases of wheat worldwide. Growing resistant cultivars is the best approach to control the disease. To identify and map genes for stripe rust resistance in wheat cultivar ‘Wuhan 2', an F2 population was developed from a cross between the cultivar and susceptible cultivar Mingxian 169. The...
We investigated the molecular basis of an extremely late bolting, non-heading ‘Leafy Green Parental Line No. 2 (Tsukena No. 2)’, to obtain suitable DNA markers for breeding the late bolting trait in Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis). We found that Tsukena No. 2 contains a ~5 kbp large insertion near the 5′ end of the first intron of BrFLC2, BrFLC3 and BrFLC3′, which are homologs of...
The mature fruit skin of ‘Dangshansuli’ pear (Pyrus bretchnederi Rehd.) is yellow-green, but the fruit of the mutant, ‘Xiusu’, is russetted. To understand the mechanism of russet formation, the suppression subtractive hybridization libraries were used to screen for differentially expressed genes between the wild type pear and the mutant. Three hundred and twenty nine and 366 unigenes were obtained...
Molecular screening and genetic diversity of major rice blast resistance (R) genes were determined in 32 accessions of rice germplasm from North East and Eastern India with ten gene based single nucleotide polymorphisms and sequence tagged sites (STS) markers, namely z56592, zt56591, k39512, k3957, candidate gene marker, Pita3, YL155/YL87, YL183/YL87, Pb28, 195R-1 which showed close-set linkage to...
Quantitative trait locus (QTL) for grain size traits that include grain length (GL), grain width (GW), grain thickness (GT) as well as thousand grain weight (TGW) were identified using F2 population derived from a cross between a japonica cultivar Nongken58 and its large grain-sized mutant, ‘Dali’, which was selected in SP2 generation of plants from Nongken58 seeds exposed to cosmic radiation upon...
Introduced maize (Zea mays L.) germplasm can serve as sources of favorable alleles to enhance performance in new maize varieties and hybrids under drought stress conditions. In the present study, the combining abilities of 12 exotic maize inbred lines from CIMMYT and 12 adapted maize inbred lines from IITA were studied for grain yield and other traits under controlled drought stress. The inbred lines...
Stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), is one of the most important diseases on wheat in China. To assess resistance in wheat cultivars and breeding lines in China, 330 leading cultivars and 164 advanced breeding lines were evaluated with stripe rust. In the greenhouse tests, seedlings of the entries were inoculated separately with several Pst pathotypes. In the field tests,...
Hemp (Cannabis sativa) has a highly variable sexual phenotype. In dioecious hemp, the sex is controlled by heteromorphic sex chromosomes according to an X-to-autosomes equilibrium. However, in monoecious hemp, the sex determinism remains widely unknown and has never been related to a quantitative approach of sex expression. The present paper aims to contribute to the comprehension of the sex determinism...
Arundo donax is a perennial rhizomatous plant growing spontaneously all over the world as an invasive plant reaching more than 8 m in height. It is a sterile plant which reproduces itself only agamically, through rhizomes and cane fragments which are transported by water or through human action. Although A. donax is an invasive plant it is considered one of the most promising energy crops, as it...
Information on genetic gains in different traits of wheat is important in breeding cultivars with improved grain yield. Changes in agronomic and phenologic traits resulting from breeding in Iranian wheat cultivars were studied. Eighty one wheat cultivars released from 1930 to 2006 were examined under well watered (WW) and terminal drought stress (DS) conditions at Karaj during 2007–2008 and 2008–2009,...
The efficiency of in vitro polyploidization depends on several variables associated to the plant, the antimicrotubule agent and the interactions between them. In the present work, we have used response-surface methodology to determine the best operating conditions for plant recovery in polyploidization assays for shoot apices and somatic embryos of two seedless grape cultivars, employing colchicine...
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