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In this paper, an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)-based narrowband power line communication (PLC) system is considered. Moreover, the transmission frequency band is adjustable at the transmitter through the spectrum assignment process, in order to avoid channel notches and narrowband interferences and hence improving the spectral efficiency and performance of the transmission. At...
One of the most common communications technologies being used as the media to access the meters in Smart Metering deployments is Narrowband Power Line Communications (NB-PLC), mainly in Europe but also in other places. Most of the systems available in the market under NB-PLC are extending the frequency bands used in order to increase their bandwidth and avoid interferences from other devices in the...
This work describes a representative set of measurements aiming at testing the transmission of IP data in presence of smart metering traffic over a NB-PLC network. The measurements were performed in a real microgrid including a smart metering system based on PRIME v1.3.6 with up to thirteen nodes. Three types of traffic and several configurations of TCP/IP packets were evaluated. Additionally, two...
This paper discusses the issue of energy-efficiency in power line communication (PLC) systems and introduces decode-and-forward (DF) energy-harvesting based relaying. The performance of the proposed system is analyzed in terms of the energy efficiency for which accurate analytical expressions are derived. To highlight the achievable gains, we also evaluate the performance of both the conventional...
The reliability and quality of electrical power networks are affected by the occurrence of electrical faults. In this paper, we propose a novel method to identify the occurrence of faults in distribution networks, based on impedance measurements performed at the central distribution office. The measurements can be performed using PLC modems that belong to the energy metering infrastructure. The fault...
In this paper, we advocate implementing carrier sense multiple access with collision detection (CSMA/CD) in the broadband power line communication (BB-PLC) standard, G.hn, and show the gain in data rate obtained over carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA). The use of CSMA/CD is made feasible due to the recent implementation of in-band full duplex operation in BB-PLC. We provide...
This paper explores the possibilities of Layered Division Multiplexing (LDM), a non-orthogonal multiplexing technique, for its application in Narrow Band Power Line Communications (NB-PLC). Both theoretical calculations and simulation results are included based on PoweRline Intelligent Metering Evolution (PRIME) in CENELEC A-band. However, improvements presented in the paper can be directly applied...
This contribution aims at studying the input impedance of household appliances in the frequency range from 9 kHz to 500 kHz (FCC band). The method using the network analyzer is chosen as it provides a very good trade-off between required accuracy and ease of use. Some of the most common household appliances present in customer installations are characterized in terms of impedance in their respective...
The use of Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) techniques for Power Line Communications (PLC) has been proven for the consumer market. As of 2011, MIMO is part of two PLC standards and products are already available for end users. PLC for avionics on the other hand is a niche technology. Fulfilling the high demands for safety-critical components makes the engineering of a PLC solution a challenging...
Power line communication (PLC) operates on the power line infrastructure to enable data exchange between terminals. In doing so, PLC modems transmit relatively high-frequency and broadband signals through the grid. It is easy to see that the distortion of these signals provides information about the physical properties of grid components affecting the transmission. This is the basis for performing...
In this paper the process of spectrum assignment in narrowband power line communication is studied. Due to the frequency-selective and time-variant nature of the PLC channel, spectrum assignment must be performed dynamically throughout the transmission. This requires constant channel state information at the PLC transmitter which in turn increases undesired overhead in the system and degrades throughput...
In this paper, a wide-range frequency offset tolerant OFDM for in-vehicle PLC system is presented. The carrier frequency and a new short frame OFDM suitable for low latency sensor network are discussed by analyzing the noise immunity, electrical emission characteristics and the channel property. We propose a new lookup table based estimation method of carrier frequency offset (CFO) and sampling frequency...
Power Line Communication (PLC) systems are good candidates for next-generation aircraft communication channels. On-board power buses must meet stringent safety requirements that mandate the use of Transient Voltage suppressors (TVS) for lightning protection. These devices strongly degrade the performance of the communication channel. In this paper we analyze the impact of the lightning protection...
Non-stationary, non-Gaussian noise severely limits the performance of narrowband (NB) power line communication (PLC) systems. Due to the periodic mains voltage, substantial parts of the noise are known to show time-periodic features. Exploiting these features can significantly improve noise canceling methods and thus the overall performance of PLC systems. A prerequisite for this is an accurate estimation...
We address the single-source-destination routing problem in a mesh network with a broadcast channel, time-division multiplexing (TDM) and no spatial reuse, which is a special type of the PLC channel. First, the outer bound on the achievable data rate is evaluated. We show that the routing protocols (RPs) with static routing do not allow approaching this data rate limit. Then, we study RP with opportunistic...
Distributed generation (DG) units are widely used in modern power grids. The sub-grid islanding condition associated with a loss of mains (LoM) in such grids is a topical safety issue. In this paper, we discuss potential anti-islanding solutions, analyze the physical constraints, propose a power line communication (PLC) based concept, and perform its sensitivity analysis. The concept description covers...
Adaptive Layer Switching (ALS) is a mechanism that allows the changing of the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer of the Power Line Communication (PLC) network in the runtime. According to the delay-throughput tradeoff dependencies for Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA) and Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) it switches them for the corresponding network utilization....
This paper focuses on the characterization and modelling of impulse noise in narrowband power line communication. Two modelling approaches of the measured noise are studied and compared: the memoryless Middleton class-A model and the Markov-Middleton model with memory. Model comparisons with measurements show that Markov-Middleton is compliant with the impulse noise temporal structure since it considers...
Networking in power line communication (PLC) smart-grids (PLC-SGs) is a major challenge due to the unique characteristics of the physical-, link- and network layers. The RPL (Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks) routing protocol is considered as one of the potential candidates for routing for PLC-SGs, however, the behavior and performance of RPL is not yet scrutinized for its suitability...
G3-PLC is a narrowband powerline communication (PLC) standard that has gained prominence over the last few years. On the one side, use of OFDM as underlying technology makes it suitable for use on powerline media, at the same time, use of 6LoWPAN as adaptation layer enables easy integration into any contemporary IP network.
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