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In this paper, we analyze performance of our error control scheme in a cross-layer design for wireless body area networks (WBANs). As in our previous work, we have proposed an optimal QoS control scheme that employs a multiplexing layer for priority scheduling and a decomposable error control coding scheme for WBANs. However, a cross-layer approach has not been considered yet. In this paper, we utilize...
In this paper, we apply HARQ to a wireless feedback control system for realizing high dependable communication. We assume that a controller transmits packets of controlled variables through the propagation channel equivalent with the IEEE 802.15.6 CM2 using some punctured convolutional codes whose code rate is different each other. We propose QoS-HARQ which changes the code rate responding to the...
In this paper, we design a Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol for Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) to allocate slot to packets of each medical and non-medical node. Although a hybrid MAC protocol is defined in IEEE 802.15.6 as the international standard of WBAN, the detail specification depends on the implementation. It is important to consider the Quality of Service (QoS) requirements of each...
The ETSI TC SmartBAN defined system is designed for body area networks supporting both on-body links and links to implanted devices. The system operates at the 2.4 GHz ISM band, where there are also other wireless radio systems, such as Bluetooth and WiFi. The SmartBAN system simulation model has been created to Matlab and the system performance was studied in the IEEE 802.15.6 channel model 3 with...
There have been burning issues on Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) in which performance analysis for media access layer (MAC) protocol is essential and has been discussed in many literatures. By using Markov chain model, saturation and non-saturation conditions, many works can calculate access probability and throughput of system. However, previous works usually assumed that channel is ideal and...
This paper presents three low cost 3D printed antenna concepts for integration with a miniature mm-wave platform. The proposed solutions are optimized to operate in mm-wave ISM band (122GHz-123GHz). Different, inexpensive, detachable antennas can be used with the same platform for various RF sensing applications such as food safety, health and industrial.
Emerging integration of communication networks into wearable or implantable body devices involves a challenge due to the transmitting medium, the body itself. This medium is heterogeneous and lossier than air, so devices that are supposed to work on it should be tested in tissue-equivalent materials. A number of materials with the electromagnetic response of body tissues have been proposed. Most of...
New technologies and devices for wireless communication networks are continually developed. In order to assess their performance, they have to be tested in realistic environments taking into account the influence of the body in wireless communications. Thus, the development of phantoms, which are synthetic materials that can emulate accurately the electromagnetic behaviour of different tissues, is...
This paper presents an approach to the estimation of mean path loss model parameters in off-body Body Area Networks channels. In this approach, the path loss exponent is constrained to a value obtained from line-of-sight (LoS) propagation in the copolarised channel, considering a generalised static scenario. The proposed approach is compared to alternative ones, by evaluating the coefficient of determination...
One of the main challenges for wireless body area networks (WBANs) is to evaluate realistic methods to generate channel models for new different purposes and various environments quickly and flexibly. Finite integration technique (FIT) has shown to be promising method for modeling channels characteristics in WBAN deployment scenarios. Applying simulation based channel modeling on the performance evaluations...
This article presents path loss models for creeping waves propagation around a human body at ultra-wideband frequency of 2-8 GHz. The results are based on measurements in an anechoic chamber using a vector network analyzer. Three antenna types are used: prototype dipole and double loop antennas together with the commercial Skycross antenna. The antennas are attached horizontally at the chest level...
Human body communication (HBC) is a wireless communication method that uses human body as part of the transmission medium. It uses electrodes instead of antennas to generate electric field around the human body. This electric field forms capacitive couplings between transmitter, receiver, human body, and surrounding environment. Transmission from a transmitter on user's wrist to an off-body receiver...
Human body communication (HBC) is a wireless transmission method that utilizes the human body as part of the transmission medium. In HBC, a high-frequency signal is transmitted by a current flowing through the body surface and via the near-field electric field around it. Due to the lack of specific equipment and tools to measure HBC transmission characteristics, HBC systems are still in the development...
The most important challenges in the design of a Wireless Body Sensor Network (WBSN) are the reduction of energy usage and the successful delivery of data. In general for healthcare applications, the batteries of biosensor nodes cannot be easily recharged or replaced. Therefore energy consumption is a critical issue in WBSNs, specifically, the nodes that are placed next to the sink node consume more...
A dual-radio solution for wireless body area networks (WBANs) is proposed in this paper. Solution is based on the usage of wake-up receiver (WUR) and impulse radio ultra wideband (IR-UWB) technique. In the proposition, the data to the hub is transmitted using IR-UWB and the control messages back to a node are received using WUR. Energy efficiency model has been developed to compare proposed solution's...
In this paper, we investigate how to improve the reliability of heart–rate monitoring of a large number of people playing sports over a limited area of sports field. Densely– located nodes attached to exercisers transmit heart–rate data to a data collection node simultaneously, which negatively affects the reliability of data collection due to severe congestions caused by excessive traffic load. In...
Photoplethysmography (PPG) is one of the simple and non-invasive heart rate (HR) sensing methods, but when applying it to a person during exercise, the output is contaminated with motion artifact (MA). Furthermore, when the pressure to stabilize the sensor on the skin surface is lower, extremely large values referred to as "outliers" are often observed in the sensed heart rate. To cancel...
In this paper, we proposed a dosage control system for total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) in order to help anesthe- siologists and enable to manage multiple operations remotely by one anesthesiologist. In the general anesthesia, constraints of a drug dosage and the value of biological information indicating anesthetic depth must be taken into account. Also, introduction time of anesthesia and time...
In brain-computer interface (BCI) research, there must be a trade-off between accuracy and speed of the BCI system, especially those based on event-related potentials (ERPs). This paper proposes a novel method which can significantly increase the spelling bit rate while also maintaining the desired accuracy. We provide an adaptive real-time stopping method based on the scores of ensemble support vector...
Harmonic Motion Microwave Doppler Imaging method, which was proposed as an alternative method for breast tumor detection, is a combination of microwave radar and focused ultrasound techniques yielding data depending on electrical and mechanical properties of the tissue. In this study, Harmonic Motion Microwave Doppler Imaging data from a small tumor inside homogeneous fat is analyzed as a function...
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