The Infona portal uses cookies, i.e. strings of text saved by a browser on the user's device. The portal can access those files and use them to remember the user's data, such as their chosen settings (screen view, interface language, etc.), or their login data. By using the Infona portal the user accepts automatic saving and using this information for portal operation purposes. More information on the subject can be found in the Privacy Policy and Terms of Service. By closing this window the user confirms that they have read the information on cookie usage, and they accept the privacy policy and the way cookies are used by the portal. You can change the cookie settings in your browser.
Cyber-physical energy systems (CPES) use computers and networks to orchestrate energy generation, distribution, and consumption. Such systems challenge existing engineering methods for control systems design, software engineering, and networking systems because of their heterogeneity, very large scale, safety criticality, and vulnerability to security risks. The behavior of such systems is also strongly...
This paper introduces a federated simulation toolkit (FSKIT) that couples continuous time and discrete event simula- tions (DES) to perform the co-simulation of electric power grids and communication networks. A High Performance Computing (HPC) oriented power system dynamic simulator, GridDyn, was used for the electric power grid simulation. GridDyn is coupled to the open-source network simulator,...
Batteries are an important element for residences that are in grid-connected systems with energy procurement. They provide storage for local generation and a buffer against the inconsistent output from renewables such as rooftop solar. In addition, they can independently provide a medium for buying and selling retail energy. The growing deployment of reversepower- operation systems provides residences...
Comprehensive models of cyber-physical energy systems often require the integration of automation infrastructure and energy system models. While energy system models mostly focus on the physics of these systems, automation infrastructure targets control aspects of the modelled systems. Currently, both parts are coupled via tool-dependent interfaces and in most cases the deployed couplings do not consider...
Microgrids have been proposed as a key piece of the Smart Grid vision to enable the potential of renewable energy generation. Microgrids are required to operate in both grid connected and standalone island mode using local sources of power. A major challenge in implementing microgrids is the communications and control to support transition to and from grid connected mode and operation in island mode...
The simulation of hybrid system is of interest in different areas, e.g., cyber-physical energy systems. This includes the embedding of continuous-time subsystems in discrete event systems. The difficulties of resulting synchronisation schedules are approached by precalculation within the components. The Functional Mock-up Interface (FMI) is a state of the art specification for the co-simulation of...
While demand response programs achieve energy efficiency and quality objectives, they bring potential security threats into the Smart Grid. An ability to influence load in the system provides the capability for an attacker to cause system failures and impacts the quality and integrity of the power delivered to customers. This paper presents a security mechanism that monitors and controls load according...
With the development of the smart grid technology, Information and Communication Technology (ICT) plays a sig- nificant role in the smart grid. ICT enables to realize the smart grid, but also brings cyber vulnerabilities. It is important to analyze the impact of possible cyber-attacks on the power grid. In this paper, a real-time, cyber-physical co-simulation testbed with hardware-in-the-loop capability...
We study the effect of control area design on the performance of distributed control. Specifically, we consider distributed implementations of parametric feedback linearization (PFL) control for efficient transient stability after the occurrence of a power system disturbance. We employ hierarchical spectral clustering and k-mean spectral clustering techniques to design control areas with high physical...
Demand response (DR) used in smart grid (SG) can enhance the reliability of the power system as well as reduce the energy costs for customers. One of the major consumers of electrical energy is industry. In this study, we develop a hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulator to demonstrate how to practically implement DR in industrial facilities. The HIL simulator includes an energy management system (EMS),...
Reducing peak demand is critically important in smartgrid as a significant fraction of the electric grids capital and operational expenses is affected by the peak power demands. Time of Use (ToU) and Real Time Pricing (RTP) pricing schemes have been used by power system operators to incentivize cus- tomers to reduce their peak energy demands during peak hours. However, ToU only provides a weak incentive...
Much of current research on State-of-Charge (SOC) and State-of-Health (SOH) tracking for rechargeable batteries such as Li-ion focuses primarily on analyzing single cells, or otherwise treat a set of series-connected cells as a homogeneous unit. Since no two cells have precisely the same properties, for applications involving large batteries this can severely limit the accuracy and utility of the...
Resiliency and reliability is of paramount impor- tance for energy cyber physical systems. Electrical protection systems including detection elements such as Distance Relays and actuation elements such as Breakers are designed to protect the system from abnormal operations and arrest failure propagation by rapidly isolating the faulty components. However, failure in the protection devices themselves...
The economic machinery of the United States is reliant on complex large-scale cyber-physical systems which include electric power grids, oil and gas systems, transportation systems, etc. Protection of these systems and their control from security threats and improvement of the robustness and resilience of these systems, are important goals. Since all these systems have Supervisory Control and Data...
The IEC 61850 protocol suite provides significant benefits in electrical substation design and enables formal validation of complex device configurations to ensure that design objectives are met. One important benefit is the potential for protective relays to react in a collaborative fashion to an observed fault current. Modern relays are networked cyberphysical devices with embedded systems, capable...
Power flow simulators are indispensible when simulating and assessing future energy system scenarios potentially comprising vast numbers of actors, devices, markets, environmental phenomena etc. While open source power flow simulators are an appealing choice – as they come free of charge – commercially available power flow simulation and optimization suites have the clear benefit of being well established...
Modeling and simulation are essential for the devel- opment and assessment of new technologies for complex cyber- physical systems, both in academia and industry. One particular instance of such complex systems are novel energy systems. They comprise a variety of heterogeneous physical domains (electricity, thermal, gas, etc.), modeled as time continuous dynamic systems, and time discrete communication...
Buildings, consuming over 70% of the electricity in the U.S., play significant roles in smart grid infrastructure. The automatic operation of buildings and their subsystems in responding to signals from a smart grid is essential to reduce energy consumption and demand, as well as improve the resilience to power disruptions. In order to achieve such automatic operation, high fidelity and computationally...
Set the date range to filter the displayed results. You can set a starting date, ending date or both. You can enter the dates manually or choose them from the calendar.