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An important challenge in the design of air-core superconducting machines is the containment of the magnetic fields within the electric machine. Current solutions result in large reductions of the high power density achievable through the use of superconducting windings. To address this challenge, an actively shielded electromagnet design, an approach commonly used in MRI magnet designs, is considered...
Phasor measurement units (PMUs) installed in the power grid are currently positioned mainly on the transmission system or in substations. A PMU creating real-time synchrophasor data from the consumer voltage level, called μPMUs, could provide new insight into modern power systems. These units can be created more cheaply, an order of magnitude less, than current commercial PMUs. For this reason, many...
Axial-flux permanent-magnet brushless-dc (AFPM BLDC) machines with concentrated windings are very attractive choices for direct-drive applications due to their high torque-density, high efficiency, and extreme compact construction. Particularly they are suitable to be used in in-wheel electric vehicles. For this purpose two different AFPM BLDC machine topologies with similar pole and slot combination...
The deployment of synchrophasor technology is a task that many institutions are interested in. The granularity of the information provided by synchrophasors allow for smarter operation of the electricity grid. The Synchro Phasor Visualizer (SPV) is an application that covers the general functionality of the synchrophasor technology. The application aims to introduce a prototype of a functional form...
This paper proposed an enhanced real-time state estimation using Iterative Extended Kaiman Filtering (IEKF). The IEKF estimated state variables based on past state variables. Largest Normalized Residual Test (LNRT) was integrated with IEKF for bad data detection. A comparison with the conventional Weighted Least Squares (WLS) was also investigated using the IEEE 14 bus test system simulated in MATLAB...
Poorly damped or unstable mode of inter-area oscillations is undesirable as they result in inefficient operation of the power systems. Without proper remedial actions, these oscillations can result in power systems separation or major blackouts. Adequate damping of these oscillations is a pre-requisite for secure operation of power systems. An available solution to damp out these inter-area oscillations...
Discussion of the future of the Smart Grid brings with it issues regarding the current level of distribution system visibility. Phasor Measurement Units (PMU) have been proliferating throughout the electric power grid in order to support future distribution system analysis. One type of PMU is the Frequency Disturbance Recorder (FDR); it records voltage magnitude, frequency, and phase angle at the...
This paper proposes a new Maximum Power Point Tracker (MPPT) topology for a single phase, grid-connected PV system considering the sudden changes in environmental conditions. The MPPT takes into account the nonlinearity of photovoltaic (PV) array, the oscillation of PV voltage around the MPP, and the inverter filter design. The MPPT is designed so that current reference is computed directly from the...
This paper presents a fault-tolerant technique for multilevel Cascaded H-Bridge (CHB) inverters. A faulty power switch in high power converters can lead to expensive downtime, loss of productivity, and increased costs. In the event of a fault, the defective cell is bypassed and a backup H-Bridge cell is replaced to generate balanced line-to-line voltages. Using the remaining cells, CHB inverter will...
This paper presents an optimization based technique to design the proportional and integral coefficients of the adaptive mechanism of a Model Reference Adaptive System (MRAS) based estimator in a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) drive system. In this paper, first the MRAS based drive system is modeled linearly. Then the idea of the paper is explained based on the linear model. Finally, the...
In this paper a new low-leakage drive for SiC emitter-turn-off (ETO) thyristors for power rating of 15-kV and 100-A is presented. Conventional ETOs suffer from the turn-on leakage current. Turn-on leakage current is caused by the false activation of the turn-off path in the gate contact of the thyristor. This is due to the high slew rate of the current and parasitic inductances in the turn-on commutation...
In this paper a new and efficient hybrid optimization algorithm is proposed for optimal placement and sizing of the Distributed Generations (DGs). Bus voltage profile improvement, line flow capacity, active and reactive power loss minimization are considered as multi-objectives to optimize under various distribution load conditions. Renewable energy resources such as wind, solar, fuel cell and micro...
This work elaborates on design of a Photovoltaic (PV) array model using Piecewise Linear Electrical Circuit Simulation (PLECS) block-set in Si urn I ink. First it describes the model development procedure. Next it compares the I-V curves generated using the developed model with the experimental I-V curves of a HÌS-M215SG reported in the product datasheet. Then it illustrates the use of the developed...
This paper introduces locational prices associated with power injection variability. The sensitivity of uncertainty in injected power on system cost is calculated using a probabilistic DC optimal power flow (DC-OPF). This sensitivity may be used as a price for regulation to equitably allocate costs associated with tracking power injections. In this context the price also provides a locational value...
This paper presents a novel modulation strategy for multilevel inverters. The proposed method generates the maximum achievable voltage with the highest first order harmonic content and fairly low Total Harmonic Distortion (THD). Using the proposed method, each phase of the inverter can be controlled independently within a wider range of linear modulation indices compared to conventional Pulse Width...
In this paper, the traditional Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) method combined with Monte Carlo simulations (MCSs) is introduced to a real micro-gird with significant clean energy penetration. Importance of different components in the micro-grid is first found using the traditional FTA but cannot show a clear illustration of the system's reliability with respect to time. Using the proposed fault-tree-MCS...
This paper presented a novel phasor estimator having less computational complexity and would be suitable for implementation in a digital signal processor (DSP). A discrete fourier transformation (DFT) using a fixed window and variable sampling time had been used to calculate phasor and frequency of the signal. The adjustment of the sampling time with the system frequency ensured a minimum leakage...
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