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The present work introduces the validation results for assessment of End-tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO2) concentrations and breathing patterns from a new ultrafast colorimetric sensor. The performance of the new sensor is compared to an infrared carbon dioxide commercial analyzer. Correlation analysis of EtCO2 levels from both methods indicated an accuracy of nearly 100%, with a correlation coefficient...
In this study, a qualitative human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) diagnostic assay was developed and evaluated as part of an effort to create a point-of-care diagnostic test for pediatric HIV-1. The assay is based on extraction of viral ribonucleic acid (RNA) with magnetic microbeads, isothermal amplification using nucleic acid sequence based amplification (NASBA), and detection of amplified RNA...
The clinical utility of DNA ploidy as prognostic indicator is well established for cancer. Quantitative measures of DNA are possible in cell populations with flow cytometry (FCM) and individual cells with image cytometry (ICM). Because ICM can be more accurate in 3D images of absorptive stained DNA, we studied a new 3D optical microscope, the Cell-CT™. By providing quantitative cytometry of cells...
Being able to perform a white blood cell (WBC) count and differential is a crucial laboratory test for basic diagnostic practices. In this paper, we demonstrate proof of concept results for a disposable cartridge that could be used to perform a WBC count and 3-part differential at the point-of-care. The cartridge is composed of a glass slide, a layer of transfer tape, and a glass cover slip and incorporates...
Thrombosis of ventricular assist devices is a significant complication compromising device efficacy with attendant risks of systemic embolization, stroke, pump stop and death. Presently anti-thrombotic therapy is utilized to mitigate thrombotic risk. Drugs such as aspirin and dipyridamole are largely dosed empirically, without individualized testing of efficacy in a given patient. To date testing...
Compact lab-on-chip systems for future applications require the integration of optical and fluidic elements on a single chip. Here we present the sensitivity analysis of a label-free integrated optofluidic sensor with a fluidic gap that modulates the optical coupling between two waveguides and show that there is an optimal fluidic gap that maximizes sensitivity for a given optical mode coupling through...
Conventional methods for the detection of bacterial viability and drug resistance are either expensive, time consuming, or not definitive, and thus do not provide all the information sought by the medical professionals. Here, we solve these problems by introducing an innovative detection method to produce rapid and accurate diagnosis of bacterial infection through miniaturization and parallelization...
Accurate Energy Expenditure (EE) Estimation is very important to monitor physical activity of healthy and disabled population. In this work, we examine the limitations of applying existing calorimetry equations and machine learning models based on sensor data collected from healthy adults to estimate EE in disabled population, particularly children with Duchene muscular dystrophy (DMD). We propose...
This paper presents an application-agnostic Quality of service (QoS) framework forWireless Body Area Networks (WBAN). The applications of WBAN includes several areas such as smart health care, assisted elderly living and emergency response. In the WBAN, obtaining an acceptable QoS performance is extremely important due to its relation with human health and emergency situation. The QoS requirements...
This paper presents an energy expenditure estimation method that uses a wearable accelerometer sensor, but does not rely on a priori knowledge about the location of the sensor. The sensor can be worn at any of three pre-defined locations, namely, right wrist, right thigh and right ankle. It is shown that once the system is trained, the proposed mechanism can perform sensor location detection in run-time...
In the health care domain up to the 70% of the revenues can be due to the staff workload costs, which are rerouted to health care insurances and patients. Therefore, it is of paramount importance to determine how much of these costs are really due to the patient care. Some hospitals adopted Real Time Location System solutions in order to optimize staff workload. However, even though these systems...
Physical inactivity is a leading risk factor in a number of chronic diseases. Older adults are at the highest risk because they are the least inactive of all age groups. Smartphone-based intervention techniques present the opportunity to support cost-effective behavioral intervention to promote physical activity. We present a pilot study that examines the feasibility of utilizing the “Strive” smartphone-based...
Cerebral palsy (CP) is a group of non-progressive neuro-developmental conditions occurring in early childhood that causes movement disorders and physical disability. Many affected children have impaired function in movement and limitations in mobility. Measuring gait symmetry is essential in assessing clinical outcomes of rehabilitation. Modern sensor technology has made it possible to measure gait...
Preeclampsia is one of the leading causes of maternal death in developing and underdeveloped countries. A simple urine test, called the Congo Red Dot Test (CRD Test), was recently proposed to screen for preeclampsia. This paper reports an algorithm for automatically quantifying and interpreting the CRD Test. The algorithm can be easily programmed as an app on a smart phone. When evaluated on a pilot...
Sleep-wake cycle activity monitoring or actigraphy is an essential tool in sleep research and sleep medicine. In this paper, we investigated the clinical validation of a novel wrist actigraph mobile health device incorporating the proportional integration mode (PIM) algorithm. Thirty-three subjects underwent polysomnography (PSG) exams and concurrent wrist actigraphy during an overnight study evaluating...
The color part of a color and motion amplification algorithm developed by the MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (CSail) research group [1] is converted to real-time and used to visualize and monitor heart rate for drivers in order to sense when a driver becomes sleepy. A Kinect camera mounted on the dashboard is used to gather video data from which the driver's heart rate...
Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a chronic medical condition, and early detection of acute cardiac events caused by CHF can lead to life saving results. In this paper, we present Blue Scale, a measuring device that allows both patients and their physicians to monitor cardiac health at home on a daily basis by providing the necessary feedback for early cardiac event detection. Blue Scale measures...
Fully-passive wireless body-sensors pose viable solutions for unobtrusive monitoring of physiological signals at natural settings. While fully-passive capacitive analog passive wireless sensors has been reported, we present an alternative solution with resistive based transducers. The passive sensor is composed of a loop antenna, a tuning capacitor, and a resistive transducer suitable for the type...
Food intake levels, hydration, chewing and swallowing rate, and dietary choices are all factors known to impact one's health. This paper presents a novel wearable system in the form of a necklace, which aggregates data from an embedded piezoelectric sensor capable of detecting skin motion in the lower trachea during ingestion. We propose an algorithm based on spectrogram analysis of piezoelectric...
With the increasing needs for frequent instant communications, it becomes attractive to create an assistive device to facilitate software interaction. In this paper, we introduce a wearable communicating device featuring hands-free interaction. A prototype incorporating MCU, Bluetooth and App on mobile phone has been tested for feasibility and usability. Experimental results show that the proposed...
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