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Amorphous carbon thin films were deposited on glass substrates by using low negative bias voltage in the range of −10V to −50V at 500°C in 1 hour deposition. The effect of low negative bias voltage on electrical properties of nitrogen doped amorphous carbon thin films were determined. The amorphous carbon thin films were characterized by current-voltage measurement, and atomic force microscopy. Various...
HDLC Protocol is used to send the data in the form of frames, a controller controls the flow of data in DATA LINK LAYER of OSI model. HDLC protocol is used to transmit frames in logic link layer of Data link Layer. HDLC frame consists of an 8 bit Flag bit as 01111110, followed by control bits, information bits, fcs bits (CRC), address bits and terminates with flag bit. It involves processing of data...
The Sn-doped ZnO thin films were prepared by Sol gel Spin coating technique on glass and ITO substrates with doped concentration of 0, 1 and 2 at%. The thin films particle sizes were decreased as a doping concentration increased as observed from FESEM images. The effect of seed layers on nanorod growth for DSSCs was investigated. We have found that the ZnO nanorod grown on 2.0 at% Sn-doped ZnO thin...
A resistorless 400 nano-Watts bandgap voltage reference in standard 0.25µ digital CMOS process is presented. Parasitic vertical bipolar transistors (BJT) are used to generate a series of cascaded thermal voltages (VT), which is summed with a base-emitter voltage (VBE) to produce a ∼1.25V bandgap voltage (VBG). Statistical contributions of CMOS amplifiers' inherent random noise, offset, and drift terms...
The impact when a motorcyclist involves in a high speed accident without wearing a helmet is very dangerous and can cause fatality. Wearing a helmet can reduce shock from the impact and may save a life. There are many countries enforcing a regulation that requires the motorcycle's rider to wear a helmet when riding on their motorcycle, Malaysia is an example. With this reason, this project is specially...
Today, the phenomena of using internet network and multimedia application had increasing growth. Transformation and transmission of information or image over the network can be easily done by public. Therefore, security is an important issue in communication and storage of data; particularly images. Due on this issue, encryption is found to be one of the efficient ways to ensure security. Thus, this...
Yaw stability control is the most popular topics in automotive field. Several of studies have been done in searching the effective method in controlling yaw moment so that the vehicle will be in safe condition in certain cornering maneuvers. The main controller to control this is by using Composite nonlinear Feedback (CNF) which is very good in producing an output signal with a quick response and...
This paper presents an orchid disease detection system using image processing and fuzzy logic. The main objective of this paper is to design a system that is able to detect an orchid disease by processing its leaf image. The system consists of two parts, image processing and fuzzy logic. The leaf image processing uses methods like grayscaling, threshold segmentation and noise removing. The data collected...
The proposed Fire alarm system is a real-time monitoring system that detects the presence of smoke in the air due to fire and captures images via a camera installed inside a room when a fire occurs. The embedded systems used to develop this fire alarm system are Raspberry Pi and Arduino Uno. The key feature of the system is the ability to remotely send an alert when a fire is detected. When the presence...
This paper presents an impact of power losses on the size and location of Distributed Generation (DG) in distribution system with difference number of population size. The placement and sizing of DG are selected optimally by the technique of optimization. The technique of Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) algorithm is studied to solve this problem. The algorithm is tested on standard IEEE 69 bus distribution...
This paper describes research work in developing an intelligent model for detecting white root disease stages by using fuzzy logic. In this work, classification of three stages of white root disease is based on discolouration of the tree's leaf. These stages are healthy, medium & worse and each of them were tested with respect to vein, main vein and peteolute. The reflectance of the leaves discolouration...
Indoor air quality (IAQ) is a term that describes the air quality of the building occupants. IAQ can be influenced by physical factors like dust particles, chemical or gaseous pollutants (including carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and volatile organic compounds) and biological factors like molds and bacteria growth which largely depend on temperature and humidity condition of a room. These kinds of...
The intent of this paper is to study the performance of spectral-amplitude coding optical code-division multiple-access (OCDMA) systems using Single Photodiode Detection (SPD) under various optical parameters. In our work, we utilized Modified Double weight (MDW) code as one of the OCDMA applications which called “triple-play” services (audio, video, and data) with different quality-of-service (QoS)...
Long Term Evolution (LTE) is a new technology that becomes an important part of everyday life and for the future which is consists of heterogeneous networks. LTE is the new standard recently specified by the Third Generation Partnership Program (3GPP) on the way towards fourth-generation mobile The deployment of femtocell (HeNB) which act as home base station can give seamless handoff in LTE network...
A new scheme of a linear inhomogeneous Klein-Gordon equation is developed by utilizing finite difference method incorporated with arithmetic mean averaging of functional values. This study considered the central time central space (CTCS) finite difference scheme incorporated with four points arithmetic mean averaging. In addition, the theoretical aspects of finite difference scheme are also considered...
In this paper we will discuss in detail the superposition of incident electromagnetic radiation on the human body. This by calculating: total field absorbed by the human body, the weakening link and the SAR caused by the antenna and mobile. The radiation from mobile on the human body is different only to radiation of the antenna, because of the short distance between the human body and the mobile...
This paper presents a study of the effect of consuming omega-3 to the brainwave activity, concentrating on Alpha and Beta waves. The effects were studied through 12 volunteers consisting of 7 male and 5 female Electrical Engineering students. They were supplied with 900 mg of omega-3 per day for 3 months and the results were concluded. Wireless EEG equipment via bluetooth was used to measure the brainwave...
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