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Graphs have been broadly used to model binary relations since the beginning of Computer Science. Nodes represent entities, and edges represent relationships between entities. Such models become more useful when the graph model is represented as a diagram, because visualization of a graph enables humans to understand the underlying model. A quality metric assigns a number q(D) to each diagram D such...
Information graphics-diagrams, plans, maps, plots and charts-are widespread in written communication. The ability to comprehend, use and create these graphics is an important skill that most of us take for granted. However, for those of us who are blind or have severe vision impairment access to such graphics is severely limited, restricting effective participation in the workplace, limiting educational...
Any transformation process results from, and in, the use, production, consumption and transformation of some resources. Interaction processes are no exception to this, but the identification of the involved resources may present some challenges, as many of them are of an immaterial nature. In particular, when communication between a computer software and a human user occurs through the visual channel,...
We report on the behavior of developers working with a live coding environment, which provides information about a program's execution immediately after each change to the source code. The live coding environment we used shows information about each individual source code line, e.g., changed variable values or truth values of conditions. In comparison to developers working in a non-live environment,...
While visual programming has had success in some areas such as introductory or domain specific programming, professional developers typically still use a text editor. Designing a visual tool for professionals poses a number of challenges: visualizations must be flexible to support a variety of different tasks, interactions must be fluid to retain productivity, and the visual editing must scale to...
Many tools help professional programmers with the difficult problem of finding information during code maintenance. The empirical success of these tools can be explained by Information Foraging Theory (IFT) which predicts how a person seeks information by navigating through an information system based on the visual weight of information features presented to the person. Motivated by the success of...
Control systems are often built using visual dataflow-based languages, and supporting different variants may be challenging. We introduce the concept of connection interception based on inheritance. This mechanism allows a diagram to extend another diagram and intercept connections defined in the supertype, that is, to replace it by two other connections, in order to specialize the behavior. This...
Visual comparison of hierarchies such as directory structures is often considered a passive analysis task. Thus, insights gained from the visualization need to be recorded and applied afterwards. In contrast in this paper, we propose and explore an active visual analytics approach focusing on the manipulation of directory structures in the context of comparison. Two directories including subdirectories...
The recently introduced notion of Modeling Spider Diagrams immerses Spider Diagrams in a modelling context. We enhance here their capabilities by including references to resources that are required to persist in some state or to perform some state transition. To this end, we introduce a notion of anno-tation, which can be expressed through a restriction of Conceptual Spider Diagrams (extended over...
Visual languages based on node-link diagrams are widely used for systems modeling. As in textual languages, comments can make diagrams easier to understand. In the absence of an explicit attachment between comments and the diagram elements they relate to, that relationship is usually given implicitly by the manual placement of comments near the related elements. While algorithms for the automatic...
Instructors typically explain algorithms in computer science by tracing their behavior, often on blackboards, sometimes with algorithm visualizations. Using blackboards can be tedious because they do not facilitate manipulation of the drawing, while visualizations often operate at the wrong level of abstraction or must be laboriously hand-coded for each algorithm. In response, we present a direct...
This paper suggests a Cyberlearning tool based on a highly innovative assessment methodology that helps teachers with computer science education. Currently, there is a strong push to integrate aspects of programming and coding into the classroom environment. However, few if any tools exist that enable real-time formative assessment of in-class programming tasks. The proposed REACT (Real Time Evaluation...
The modern economy increasingly relies on exploratory data analysis. Much of this is dependent on data scientists — expert statisticians who process data using statistical tools and programming languages. Our goal is to offer some of this analytical power to end-users who have no statistical training through simple interaction techniques and metaphors. We describe a spreadsheet-based interaction technique...
Although there are many systems designed to engage people in programming, few explicitly teach the subject, expecting learners to acquire the necessary skills on their own as they create programs from scratch. We present a principled approach to teach programming using a debugging game called Gidget, which was created using a unique set of seven design principles. A total of 44 teens played it via...
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