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In Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems, effective thermal management is required because energy and operation costs of buildings are directly influenced by how well an air-conditioning system performs. HVAC systems are typically nonlinear time varying with disturbances, where conventional PID controllers may trade-off between stability and rise time. To overcome this limitation,...
Traditionally, it is difficult for elderly and disabled people to control a wheelchair passing a narrow doorway manually. This paper presents a dynamic trajectory planning algorithm for wheelchairs to pass a door smoothly and automatically. It is a sensor-based approach in which two laser rangefinders are deployed in the wheelchair for real-time door detection. To generate smooth trajectories that...
In this paper we present the tools, techniques and evaluation results of an automatic indexing experiment we conducted on the UK Data Archive/UK Data Service data-related document collection, as part of the Jisc-funded SKOS-HASSET project. We examined the quality of an automatic indexer based on a controlled vocabulary called the Humanities and Social Science Electronic Thesaurus (HASSET). We used...
This paper proposes a new direct-conversion, dc to ac multi-level inverter for photovoltaic applications based on the previously unexploited Golomb (and sparse ruler) number theorems. This allows individual panel outputs to be aggregated in an optimal fashion to produce low-distortion, approximate sine wave outputs with the option of panel blocking in the event of shading. The main advantages of the...
Optical and wireless integration scheme merges the high-speed and high-capacity of the optical networks with the low-cost, wide-coverage and mobility features of the wireless counterparts for the Subscriber Stations (SSs). It is also financially viable for the telecommunication service providers, particularly in the rural area where the development of the optical infrastructure or expansion of the...
In this paper, the design of programmable fractional-n frequency divider with 0.18pμm and TSMC process is presented. The proposed structure is based on Extended True-Single-Phase-Clock (E-TSPC) divider and created different fractions of the input frequency at the output node by changing the DC level of the input signal. The programmable frequency divider operates up to 12GHz and therefore, a 12GHz...
The challenges involved in the application of fuzzy logic in wireless sensors networks often stem from the limitation in processing and storage capabilities of the nodes. This anomaly can be overcome by using a centralized data sink, equipped with more storage and processing capabilities and which can also serve as the decider on the occurrence or otherwise of the event of interest based on selected...
This paper discusses various biologically plausible computational models that recognize human facial expression and analyze them. Identifying facial expressions is a non trivial task for a human and is a key part of social interactions. However, it is not as simple as that for a computational system. Here we analyze six different universally accepted facial expressions for analysis with the aid of...
Network coding can greatly influence the performance of flow control schemes. In this paper, the throughput of end-to-end Selective Repeat (SR) Automatic Repeat request (ARQ) of an intermediate communication link is investigated based on the Network Coding (NC) technique. Through MATLAB SimEvents® Simulink, we shall show that the throughput performance is sensitive to a number of the node incoming...
A real-time fall detection system is proposed to distinguish various falls during daily activities. Falls are detected in two steps: first a hierarchical algorithm is used to classify the motion and motionless postures such as lying, sit-tilted, sit-upright, standing and walking; it then analyzes whether the current lying or sit-tilted postures are normal or abnormal, based on posture transition and...
This paper explores how the recent development of low-cost System on a Chip (SoC) boards can be used by the Internet of Things (IoT) DIY community to assist the process of smart object innovation through the example of an intelligent alarm clock. The alarm clock will combine existing traffic and weather web services with local temperature sensor readings to provide a suitable alarm time for the user...
Frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) vehicle radar presents severe range-velocity ambiguity due to the velocities and ranges encountered. This is exacerbated in wide angle radar systems where there are likely to be 100 or more responses. Existing methods of interpretation reject low amplitude responses that can be from a close target of low radar cross section. This could result in a critical...
Selecting a suitable lighting level for reading is crucial to the overall success of reading comprehension. The light level preferences vary amongst the various users specifically according to changing environment conditions. Thus, it is important when designing the illumination at various intelligent shared spaces to consider the preferences of users from different backgrounds. Hence, we propose...
Mathematical morphology was developed for binary images and extended to grey-level images. To date there is no widely accepted extension of mathematical morphology to colour. We present a unifying concept for binary, grey-level and colour morphology introducing similarity measures to form classes of colour morphological operators. We define similarity criteria as the basis for mathematical morphology...
This paper focuses on implementing a reinforcement learning algorithm for solving parameter optimization problems of Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controllers. Function Optimization by Reinforcement Learning (FORL) remarkably outperforms a number of population-based intelligent algorithms when executed on benchmark functions in high-dimension circumstances. Therefore, this paper aims at examining...
This paper proposes a novel stochastic algorithm, which aims to describe the random distributions of experimentally acquired data. Generally, such data can be satisfactorily modeled through the use of a Gaussian distribution. However, it is not always the case, instances can arise in which the distributions of measured data are not strictly Gaussian in their nature. The present work adopts Bacterial...
Constrained optimization problems play a significant role within optimization problems. In this paper, a novel method, decomposed unlimited point method (DUPM), is proposed to modify the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) condition of constrained optimization problems. In the DUPM, KKT condition can be transformed into equations without any limitation in the variable space. Afterwards, the equivalent equations...
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