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The worldwide demand for fossil and minerals are growing continuously. Also the demand for a number of metals and rare materials are forecast to double over the next 50 years (Muilerman and Blonk 2001). This resource depletion is also related with technologies for harvesting adequate amounts of sustainable energy. Renewable energy technology and systems such as photovoltaic (PV) and wind system are...
About twenty years ago, the dominant principle of environmental protection, the so-called “polluter pays principle” was replaced by a new policy: the extended producer responsibility (EPR). With this paradigm shift to the EPR principle which considers producers as a specific type of polluter, legislators are expressing their belief that producers will be as efficient as - or even more efficient than...
RoHS2 takes effect in EU Member States from 2 January 2013 and is a CE Marking Directive. RoHS2 requires Manufacturers to follow the procedures in Module A of Decision 768/2008/EC which prescribe the conformity assessment procedures that Manufacturers must carry out and the technical documentation they must draw up to demonstrate that their products are RoHS compliant. Many companies already have...
The WEEE Directive targets product categories rather than product design. However, as a practical consideration product design can be key for maximizing material recovery from electronics recycling. Maximizing material recovery during recycling demands a environmentally conscious design. A variety of approaches and international standards may be helpful in tackling this challenging problem. A method...
With the rapid growth in information and communication technology (ICT), there is increase in awareness of the environmental impacts related to the accelerating mass production, electricity use, and waste management of waste computers. India as become a emerging as hub for ICT as a consumer and supplier of e-products and market of computers has grown at an unprecedented pace in recent decade. This...
Reducing material usage is essentially important to construct sustainable society [1]. For this purpose FPC is important [2] as it is useful to reduce equipment size and numbers of interconnection components. It is also important to expand lifetime of equipment [3] with minimal replacement of obsolete components. Even though the material utility of FPC is higher than other printed circuit, reducing...
Less than 50% of consumers in North America are concerned about climate change. This is one of the conclusions drawn by a recent survey conducted by Nielsen Holdings N.V. Since consumers are less concerned, many companies in the United States and Canada have tended to pay less attention to international environmental initiatives as they evolved. It is hardly a surprising fact then that more and North...
In the last years, environmental legislation has seen a significant rise in many countries worldwide. Eco-design and energy efficiency regulations are among the main topics of interest. Besides the legally demanded environmental performance, many companies try to build up their green image by environmental product labelling. Thus, they have to face a variety of different labels and requirements worldwide...
Fulfilling all the requirements for reporting information about substances in products often seems to impose burdens that do not offer any value in return. The main question regarding product compliance (REACH, RoHS, industry-specific) is always how to get sufficient and up-to-date compliance information from your business partners. In this paper, we, company for electrotechnology Weidmüller and business...
This is a study report promoting reuse of mass produced electronics devices by introducing reciprocity between nodes of the industrial value chain. Where resource potentials are raised among the value chain and increase their values each other with smooth bidirectional sending of devices to be reused. And reciprocal electro-mechanical schemes to reuse printed circuit board is discussed in order for...
According to the ISO14020 standard eco-labeling of products is intended to guide consumers towards the more environmentally friendly segment of products available on the market. To investigate if this is successful for laptop computers, a life cycle assessment (LCA) model of a generic, up to date laptop was created. The constraints imposed by two different eco-labels for laptops were implemented in...
The current paper presents the Seeds4Green project. Seeds4Green is a collaborative web tool developed by Gingko21 that provides environmental contents such as LCA studies, EPD, green-purchasing guides, to everyone who is interested with these topics. The presentation of Seeds4Green will cover, in a first hand, the origins of the project and the reasons why Gingko21 and its partners launched such a...
Anisotropic Conductive films (ACFs) have been widely used in semiconductor and display applications for chip-on-glass (COG), flex-on-glass (FOG), flex-on-board (FOB), chip-on-flex (COF), chip-on-board (COB) interconnections due to their green and energy saving, fine-pitch capability, simple process, and cost effectiveness. There have been many technical innovations in terms of materials and processing...
The new RoHS directive requires more information and conformity checks than the first RoHS legislation. In order to issue the declaration of conformity for CE marking, the technical documentation must proof the device's compliance with the substance bans. According to the REACH regulation, suppliers of articles have to inform professional clients and consumers, the latter only on request, about substances...
Today no easily accessible information on the ecological footprint of mobile phones is available. Thus sustainability- driven purchasing decisions are difficult for the consumers. To tackle this gap and provide ecological advice for mobile phone purchasers, the Swiss telecommunication provider Swisscom cooperated with the foundation myclimate to develop a method for quantifying of the environmental...
Reducing energy requirements and greenhouse gas emissions for building operations became a critical issue in recent years. Though many different solutions have been proposed to deal with the manner, most of them only focused on how to implement IT systems to improve the building performance. In this paper, we present the Smart System Services (S3) technology that includes a set of methodologies, tools,...
This presentation aims to analyze the Japanese system for recycling e-waste with regard to (1) 4 large-size items (TVs, Air Conditioners, Refrigerators, Washing Machines). We also consider (2) PCs, a separate issue. At the same time, we are seeking for suggestions for the better recycling of (3) small-size electronics (mobile phones, digital cameras, DVDs, etc.). The collection of 4 items of e-waste...
The benefits of e-waste recycling in The Netherlands was studied for the year 2009 using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). Avoided greenhouse gas emissions from material recovery of all collected e-waste and the destruction of (H)CFC containing coolants from cooling and freezing appliances were calculated using the IPCC 2007 method. In 2009, about 73,000 tonnes of CO2 equivalents were avoided due to material...
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