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Recent Infrastructure-as-a-Service offers, such as Amazon's EC2 cloud, provide virtualized on-demand computing resources on a pay-per-use model. From the user point of view, the cloud provides an inexhaustible supply of resources, which can be dynamically claimed and released. This drastically changes the problem of resource provisioning and job scheduling. This article presents how billing models...
As Cloud computing emerges as a dominant paradigm in distributed systems, it is important to fully understand the underlying technologies that make Clouds possible. One technology, and perhaps the most important, is virtualization. Recently virtualization, through the use of hyper visors, has become widely used and well understood by many. However, there are a large spread of different hyper visors,...
Modern Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) clouds offer an unprecedented flexibility and elasticity in terms of resource provisioning through the use of hardware virtualization. However, for the cloud customer, this virtualization also introduces an opaqueness which imposes serious obstacles for data-intensive distributed applications. In particular, the lack of network topology information, i.e. information...
Today, SLAs for SaaS business applications usually lack stringent service level objectives and significant penalties. Moreover, Operational Business Intelligence features of modern business applications, like analytic dashboards, result in mixed workloads which make it even more difficult to predict execution times accurately due to resource contention. In contrast to the traditional three-tier architecture,...
This paper discusses an attack on the cloud computing model by which an attacker subtly exploits a fundamental vulnerability of current utility compute models over a sustained period of time. Internet-accessible cloud services expose resources that are metered for billing purposes. These resources are subject to fraudulent resource consumption that is intended to run up the operating expenses for...
Combinatorial auctions are efficient mechanisms for allocating Virtual Machine (VM)instances to cloud computing users. Despite the fact that in general these mechanisms lead to higher revenues than the currently employed fixed-price mechanisms, the cloud computing providers do not employ them to allocate their resources. One of the main reasons is the complexity faced by the users when determining...
Server virtualization technologies and their live migration function contribute to the utilization of the computing resources in cloud datacenters. However, many management operations for virtual machines (VMs) including live migrations can be evoked by many cloud users at anytime. The outburst of executions of live migration operations can deteriorate migration performance and make it difficult to...
Several applications in the "physical'' world are being consolidated in "virtual'' environments using different virtualization technologies. An important criteria for this exercise is to understand potential resource requirements and performance levels achieved in virtual environments. Empirical evidence of these can be gotten by benchmarking the application's performance in a controlled...
To alleviate the growing concern of energy waste in networked devices, we present PCube, a server-centric data center structure that conserves energy by varying bandwidth availability based on traffic demand. PCube not only supports a low-power mode for existing data centers offering full bisection bandwidth without hardware modification or re-wiring, but also provides an alternative for new data...
The increasing popularity of computing clouds continues to drive both industry and research to provide answers to a large variety of new and challenging questions. We aim to answer some of these questions by evaluating performance and scalability when an n-tier application is migrated from a traditional datacenter environment to an IaaS cloud. We used a representative n-tier macro-benchmark (RUBBoS)...
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