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After the successful launching of the SMOS satellite, the first continuous streams of data are being processed and carefully analyzed in the frame of the SMOS In-Orbit Commissioning phase. Results regarding instrument calibration parameters retrieval, both internal and external, and brightness temperature imaging are presented. Images of ocean, ice and land are given as examples.
In this paper we present a preliminary analysis of the radiometric performance of the three 1.4 GHz Noise Injection Radiometers of the SMOS satellite. We assess the radiometric resolution and stability of the receivers, and the similarity between their measurements. The units aim at measurements of a common antenna temperature, which determines the overall brightness temperature level of SMOS retrievals...
Soil roughness is known to be one important factor affecting the observations of the microwave emission from land surfaces. Natural surfaces show a random roughness profile but many agricultural fields show a tilled row structure with a predominant row direction. To quantify the significance of tillage direction on the emission from soils a series of measurements were carried out with an L-band radiometer...
The European Space Agency (ESA) Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission will provide accurate global surface soil moisture estimates. However, due to technological limitations, the spatial resolution of SMOS observations is limited to 40-km. This resolution is adequate for many global applications, but restricts the use of the data in regional studies over land, where a resolution of 1-10...
With the development of present and future low-frequency microwave missions (SMOS, Aquarius and SMAP), the need arises to estimate the effects of the ionosphere on the propagation of the electromagnetic waves. In this paper a methodology for assessing the contribution of the Faraday rotation to uncertainties in SMOS measurements over Antarctica is proposed. Particularly real TEC data and advanced...
In this paper we present a study of a numerical modeling approach based on the Finite Element Method (FEM) for the prediction of rough surface emission at L-band, including a comparison with other modeling approaches and experimental data. The numerical approach relies on the use of ANSYS' numerical computation software HFSS (High Frequency Structure Simulator), which in turn solves Maxwell's equations...
Aquarius is a combination L-band radiometer and scatterometer designed to map the salinity field at the ocean surface from space. It will be flown on the Aquarius/SAC-D mission, a partnership between the USA space agency (NASA) and Argentine space agency (CONAE). The mission is composed of two parts: (a) The Aquarius instrument being developed as part of NASA's Earth System Science Pathfinder (ESSP)...
Special Sensor Microwave Imager/Sounder (SSMIS) on board the US Defense Meteorology Satellite Program (DMSP) satellites includes six upper atmosphere sounding (UAS) channels. Radiances in three of the UAS channels, channels 19 - 21, are influenced by a combination of Doppler shift caused by Earth's rotation and the effect of the Zeeman-splitting of the O2 magnetic transition. In order to operationally...
Field experiment data sets that include coincident remote sensing measurements and in situ sampling will be valuable in the development and validation of the soil moisture algorithms of the NASA's future SMAP (Soil Moisture Active and Passive) mission. This paper presents an overview of the field experiment data collected from SGP99, SMEX02, CLASIC and SMAPVEX08 campaigns. Common in these campaigns...
The CAROLS, L band radiometer, is built and designed as a copy of EMIRAD II radiometer of DTU team. It is a Correlation radiometer with direct sampling and fully polarimetric (i.e 4 Stockes). It will be used in conjunction with other airborne instruments (in particular the C-Band scatterometer (STORM) and IEEEC GPS system, Infrared CIMEL radiometer and one visible camera), in coordination with in...
This paper reviews the steps of a work aimed at modeling forest emission at L band. The first step consists in the development of a discrete multiple scattering model, which was tested against experimental data collected in a variety of forest types and conditions. The main tests are summarized. The approximate relationships adopted to generate a complete input data set are described. Then, the physical...
Our goal is to identify paths to the soil moisture performance objective (soil moisture at depths between 0-80 cm) for US Army and civilian use, and to identify and mitigate algorithm impediments to its potential performance. This work will also enable the Army to more accurately determine the National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS) Soil Moisture Environmental Data...
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