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The following topics are dealt with: European electricity market key policies; hedging risk in electricity markets; integration of intermittent energy sources in the grid; transmission networks in a market environment; white and green tradable certificates; climate change; the Iberian electricity market.
In this communication a conceptual algorithm is proposed for the market coupling process in the presence of block orders. The basic idea is to use the Lagrangian relaxation to get a decomposition of the problem that emulates the necessary decentralization process. The feasibility of this procedure is analysed using a simplified model of the problem. In particular, the solution obtained in this decentralized...
The study discusses how the revenue from the sale of certified emission reductions (CERs) can contribute to the attractiveness of investment in projects of bagasse-based cogeneration. It was observed that revenue from CERs is probably not enough to make these investments acceptable in the economic and financial aspect. However, this study speculates that clean development mechanism projects will be...
The consumption of energy is strongly correlated with development of economy both from global and sector perspective. It is the development o particular industries in economy which results in changes in the structure of global energy consumption. On the one hand we experience more economical technologies, however on the other hand we feel that these technologies are more commonly used.The contribution...
This paper deals with the performance of grid-connected wind-turbine generators in case of system faults, i.e. short-circuits, the so-called low-voltage-fault-ride-through-conditions (LVFRT-conditions). Furthermore the requirements of frequency, voltage and reactive power control are explained. The conditions are defined in the grid-codes of the utilities even in Europe in a different way, leading...
The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the MIBEL (Iberian electricity market) prices and the interconnection capacity between Portugal and Spain during the first five month of Iberian market. With the formal beginning of MIBEL on 1 of July 2007, it becomes possible for any consumer in the Iberian zone to acquire electrical energy under a free competition regime, from any producer or retailer that...
It is well known that losses at power networks constitute an undesired reality, since they increase, among others, energy inefficiency, global cost of the system and levels of CO2 emissions. In 2006, figures showed a total energy emission to networks of 49 177 GWh and aggregated losses in the Portuguese transmission and distribution networks of 3 730 GWh (8,48% referred to network energy consumption).
We analyze the bidding behavior in a single sided uniform auction and in a pay-as-bid auction using an experimental approach. This study focuses on the impact of the risk attitude of participating subjects. The experiments are conducted under a stable demand environment and with homogeneous groups consisting each of five participants either with a complete risk seeking or a complete risk averse attitude...
In the last couple of years a lot of changes were experienced in the European electricity market. The European Commission is committed to develop the internal electricity market for Europe. The process is going on but several difficulties are identified. These barriers are technical - missing interconnections, limited cross-border transmission capacities, NTC-based capacity calculation -, legal-commercial...
We analyze infinite discrete-time games between hydraulic and thermal power operators in the wholesale electricity market. Two types of games are considered: Cournot closed-loop game and Stackelberg closed-loop game. The hydraulic operator decides the production with respect to the stochastic dynamic constraint on the water stored in the dam. In contrast, the thermal plant is operated with quadratic...
Due to the forthcoming regulation schemes throughout Europe, new challenges for natural gas network operators arise. The pressure for realising and operating cost-efficient network structures increases as the regulation is based on comparison between network operators and the tolerable costs are set by the network operator with minimal costs. Computer-based optimisation methods, which will also be...
Nowadays, it is possible to sell energy across countries using the existing interconnections. In Europe, one example is the interconnection between France and Spain. These interconnections have limited capacity. Therefore, the right to use the interconnections becomes a valuable position for the different companies and players, due to the spread of electricity prices between countries. The transfer...
In this paper, we develop a two-period model where we analyze and compare a hydro/thermal electrical system under different industrial organization: monopoly, Cournot competition and collusion; under storage constraint, water availability constraint and thermal turbine capacity constraint. First, we prove that the technological complementarity have an important role in the satisfaction of electricity...
In the extra-high voltage long transmission line, the non-allowed increasing of power voltage and the corresponding transient oscillation over-voltage are often occurred. The continued burning of the secondary arc usually keeps quite a long time for the high voltage level, long line and large capacity. There must lead to the failure of the re-closing if the secondary arc is not extinguished promptly,...
Harmonic currents of PV-inverters show a significant dependency on the harmonic voltage content of the AC-system voltage. Measurements of harmonic currents were carried out in LV-systems and under laboratory test conditions with adjustable harmonic content of the AV-voltage. Two PV-inverters, one with coupling transformer and one without transformer were tested. The results indicated that the emitted...
Consideration is given to the technique for calculation of nodal gas price and all its components on the basis of a two-stage approach, i.e. calculation of the optimal gas distribution in gas supply system (a direct solution of the linear programming problem), marginal prices (a dual solution) and their decomposition into components by the graph-based cost allocation method. It is shown that the price...
The aim of this paper is to compare the legislation about photovoltaic energy in two European countries, Italy and Spain. Both incentive policies have been studied and compared. The Italian policies incentivize the energy production, while Spanish policy gives an incentive to the energy sale. Both kind of policies are studied and compared taking into account the consequences which can be seen in the...
Operation expenditures for electrical networks are mainly caused by costs of resources, e. g. field service personnel, agency staff, material and tools. These resources are required for executing processes for maintenance, fault clearance as well as for investment projects. The network operatorpsilas resource allocation strategy for operating the network strongly depends on available resources and...
Aim of the paper is to assess, by means of a scenario analysis, the effectiveness and costs of different actions to reduce CO2 emissions in the Italian power system, i.e. increase of the efficiency of both fossil and renewable generation technologies, use of carbon capture and storage technologies, development of renewable energy sources through the implementation of incentive schemes and increase...
Energy faults will cause strong problems and damages in nowadays daily life. Without energy, industry will stop and also the fundamental goods would be inaccessible, mainly in the big cities. In this work, a hybrid system with solar energy and wind energy production is proposed. The main aspects of the system are described and shown. Also the economical aspects are referred.
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