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Experiments and simulations have been conducted to study the burning of three different vegetative fuels involved in forest fires. An experimental apparatus was designed to generate, in laboratory conditions, laminar, axisymmetric, time- varying and non-premixed flames of these fuels. Characterization of temperature in such flame was managed. The experimental data were used for the testing of a very...
A numerical model is developed to describe the transport and the combustion of firebrands lofted by a fire's buoyant plumes. A preliminary study of the thermal degradation and combustion of woody fuel particle is presented. The comparison with lab-scale experiments on cylinder-shaped limbwood samples of Ponderosa Pine (PP) shows a fairly good agreement. A three-dimensional physics-based is used to...
Estimating the number of sources and locating the direction-of-arrival are important problems in array signal processing. In this paper, we propose noneigenvalues decomposition fast algorithms for radiating source detection and localization by using LU and QR factorizations of the sample cross-spectral matrix. The threshold values between the signal subspace and the noise subspace eigenvalues of the...
This work consist in sampling and analyzing smoke released by typical Mediterranean vegetation during a fire. To proceed we used an experimental apparatus made of an air sampling pump with a cartridge filled with Tenaxreg TA. The sampling device was situated in a fixed place corresponding to the position of a fireman for the four studied stations. Analyses were performed at the laboratory by gas chromatography...
In this study the flammability properties of seven dominant Mediterranean plant species from a wildland/urban interface area near Athens were determined, using thermal analytical techniques (TG, DTG and SDTA) in oxygen atmosphere. The forest materials examined were: Pinus halepensis, Quercus coccifera, Pistacia lentiscus, Arbutus unedo, Cistus incanus, Erica manipuliflora, Phillyrea latifolia and...
The fire retarding performance of The retretardancy effect of (NH4)2HPO4 (DAP) and (NH4)2SO4 (AS) in various concentration levels (5%, 10%, 15% w/w) was tested by measuring the relative particle fire hazard properties of various forest species samples treated with these chemicals. The forest species selected: Cupressus sempervirens (Italian cypress), Olea europaea (Olive tree), Pinus brutia (Calabrian...
The retardation properties of diammonium phosphate (DAP), ammonium sulfate (AS) and a mixture of huntite/hydromagnesite minerals were studied on particle foliar combustion of Pistacia lentiscus L. (Mastic tree) collected from wildland/urban zones near Athens. Two methods were employed for this study. The first is thermal analysis (TG, DTG, SDTA), that uses samples of 15-17 mg under oxygen atmosphere...
Land cover quickly changes in the Mediterranean area: forest progress on agricultural abandoned lands when scattered urban zone progress into forest areas. As forest fire risk in linked to spatial arrangements, land cover change implies quick changes in forest fire risk level. Cartographic fire risk models elaborated by research for engineering are usually static, and do not take into account this...
The microbial ecology of cork oak rhizosphere was investigated using the Biolog community level physiological profile (CLPP) that provides a unique metabolic fingerprint helpful for the characterization of complex microbial communities. Microbial populations from the rhizosphere of cork oak plants growing at three different sites within the same area were characterized using CLPP and compared. The...
Facing the problem of fire risks, it is useful to test accurate tools to prevent this flail. Remote sensing and vegetation indices are suitable to estimate fire risks. The aim of the study was to follow the evolution of water status of various Mediterranean vegetal communities and of Normalised Difference of Vegetation Index (NDVI) calculated from SPOT images. The water status was studied using the...
This text tries to understand how men and organizations treat fire risk and prevention. With new ideas about risk, there is a also new approach of problems. The new trend is to think globally and to act locally. How do societies manage with a new kind of rationality ?
The relation between fires and meteorological parameters, such as wind, temperature and humidity, are investigated in Greece and western and south western parts of Turkey. The study comprises a five - year period between 1993 and 1998 for Greece and 1999 and 2004 for Turkey. The selected areas examined in this study are Achaia (NW Peloponnese) and Crete (Heraklion area) in Greece; and Antalya, Izmir,...
The aim of this work is to describe the main phases for the elaboration of a specific algorithm able to define burned areas applying remote sensing technique. This algorithm is been elaborated in ITALSCAR project requested by the Italian department of civil protection and founded by the European Space Agency. This algorithm can be used to identification of burned area bigger than one hectare. The...
Szendro Fire Department is located in the northeastern part of Hungary. The main task is to fight against wildfire and mitigate the impact of fire at the Aggtelek National Park - which belongs to the UNESCO World Heritage list. In 2004 the Fire Department started a project named Integrated Vegetation Fire Management (IVFM). The IVFM consist of two main parts: Peripheries and Modules. The Dynamic Decision...
Szendro Fire Department is located in the northeastern part of Hungary. The main task is to fight against wildfire and mitigate the impact of fire at the Aggtelek National Park - which belongs to the UNESCO World Heritage list. In 2004 the Fire Department started a project named Integrated Vegetation Fire Management (IVFM). The IVFM consist of two main parts: Peripheries and Modules. The Modules are:...
It is frequently assumed that a reduction in the number of fires will result in a reduction of the area burned, but few studies have proven this fact. In the present study we confirm such relationships, but being a power fit with b<1, the increase in number of fires did not imply a proportional increase in the number of fires. However, the proportion of area burnt by large fires decreased with...
Fire hazard is a "natural" risk whose fight, in France, is organized in a very centralized way. However, it depends on human activities and the threatened values are mainly the real values. So, it has a collective and individual dimension which questions on the allowance equity of the public budgets. In particular because the total costs mutualization tends to develop urbanization in area...
The effect of prescribed burning on morphological parameters of Pinuslaricio in Corsica was examined over a 3-year period. Morphological responses measured included height and diameter of the trees and shoot length and morphological characteristics of the needles. Variations on Pinuslaricio growth between the years are influenced by climate factors, in particular by the rainfall during June, July,...
The objective of this article is to present a theoretical approach of evolutionary interfaces object-oriented modeling. It is proposed to apply it to a wildland fire spread model that is multidisciplinary by essence. Our aim is to propose a decision support system to effectively and rapidly take into account complexity and uncertainties related to the factors influencing the fire spread.
This paper constitutes a state-of-the art of specification languages relevant to be used as front-ends towards the DEVS (Discrete EVent System Specification) formalism. Comparison criteria are defined to evaluate specification languages for the description of DEVS structures. Finally, the need for building an original front-end, accounting for the whole criteria, is discussed.
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