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This paper discusses the development of aircraft EMC from its beginning finishing with a discussion of the challenges currently facing the various standardisation committees. Aircraft EMC requirements have undergone a process of continuous change driven by the ever increasing electromagnetic (EM) environment, both in terms of amplitude and frequency range, and the increasing use of electronics in...
The technical-scientific contents of the Transactions on EMC (EMC-T) are inspired to the main objectives of the EMC Society: "The IEEE EMC Society strives for the enhancement of electromagnetic compatibility through the generation of engineering standards, measurement techniques and test procedures, measuring instruments, equipment and systems characteristics, improved techniques and components,...
The health effects of EMF on humans are a very topical problem. The Commission of the EU has issued several documents to deal with this matter and CENELEC has set up a technical committee 106x to prepare, together with other committees, relevant product standards. The paper explains the purpose of the EU regulations and gives an overview on the present EMF product standards relating to the limitation...
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the induced SAR in an inhomogeneous model of human body for exposure to EM wave from a dipole antenna at 400 MHz. Two positions of the antenna are considered, that is, those behind the back and waist of the human body. In particular, we compare the results obtained with the homogeneous and inhomogeneous models. As a main result, a large difference in the...
An analytic solution to the problem of a plane electromagnetic wave scattering by two parallel elliptic conducting cylinders is presented using an iterative procedure to account for the multiple scattered field between the cylinders. To compute the higher order terms of the scattered fields, the translation addition theorem for Mathieu functions is implemented to express the field scattered by one...
In the present paper an approach to investigate the shape dependence of a perfect axissymetric scatterer and especially a spheroid, with relation to its scattered electromagnetic field is attempted. For this investigation a spheroid has been selected with varying ratio of its dimensions. The investigation is based on the principle of maintaining the scatterers area constant while changing its shape...
In this work, scattering matrix of the constant impedance sphere is investigated by using series expansion of the incident and the scattering field. Using impedance boundary condition, unknown coefficients in the scattering field were found. We consider the there dimensional case as, sphere is illuminated by plane wave that be along z direction. We obtained the general expressions of the scattered...
A rigorous accuracy analysis of the method of auxiliary sources (MAS), when applied to scattering problems is presented. A benchmark geometry, consisting of a perfectly conducting, infinite, circular cylinder, is chosen for clarity and simplicity. The MAS square matrix is inverted analytically, yielding exact mathematical expressions for the error and the condition number of the pertinent linear system...
This paper deals with the noise voltages on the wiring installed on the frame due to ground potential variation. It is concluded that the bigger the size of frame and the ground resistance are, the smaller the noise voltage becomes, and the floating circuits, i.e. the circuits without signal grounding have smaller noise than signal-grounded circuits. To simplify, a sheet of aluminum plate is used...
Extensive references about electromagnetic field strength measurements of mobile phone base stations may be found in specialized literature. But those underground emissions, to serve passengers of public transportation, are almost unknown. This paper deals with EMC measurements along a Metro System, showing statistically based results, and comparing them to actual local standards of maximum allowed...
In this paper we present two test-chips, which were used to characterize the influence of the placement of on-chip decoupling capacitor blocks on the electromagnetic emission of integrated circuits. In general the electromagnetic emission could be reduced by the use of on-chip capacitors, but also an increase of the emission is possible, when these capacitors are not optimally placed
Distribution of the currents on septum inside the GTEM-cell directly influences the distribution of electric and magnetic field. The resistors, which are placed on the septum, are used for matching the characteristic impedance of the structure (50 Omega). Their influence is important for frequencies below 100 MHz. Computer modeling of the current flow prior to the building of the GTEM-cell is necessary...
GM has recently upgraded and expanded their EMC test facilities with four state-of-the-art EMC testing chambers at its Milford, Michigan USA facility. These 10 m semi-anechoic chambers are used interchangeably for radiated emissions and radiated immunity testing for the company's automotive vehicles including cars, trucks and buses. The size of this upgrade and the way the tests are carried out at...
This paper addresses the adequacy of the measurement methodology of "three antennas method" of ANSI Standard C63.5. This method requires installing at least one of the three antennas under test, on two different heights i.e. transmission and receiving positions. Although it presents a unique AF for each antenna at its receiving or transmitting position. We propose here a modified method...
The modulated scattering technique (MST) is a perturbative measurement technique that in the past has been employed to measure electromagnetic field, in order to minimize the perturbations introduced by conventional techniques. In this paper we describe the application of MST in some EMC calibration activities and in the evaluation of human exposure to high frequency electromagnetic fields. In particular...
A method to measure the S-parameters of a transformer-type balun is investigated. The two baluns to be measured are regarded as error equivalent circuits in the TRL calibration of a network analyzer. The required conditions for this method are shown, and the errors due to the conditions are estimated. The complex antenna factor (CAF) of a dipole antenna with the balun is determined form the S-parameters...
This paper proposes the new correlation algorithm between the fully anechoic chamber (FAC) and the test facilities with ground plane such as open area test site (OATS), semi-anechoic chamber (SAC), etc. in order to use the FAC as an alternative test facility. The approach is to model the EUT as an equivalent set of multipoles. Assuming the EUT is electrically small, only the initial multipole moments,...
The classic fall-of-potential method (potential electrode is between grounding grid and current electrode) is universally used for measurement of grounding grid impedance for many decades. The inductive coupling between the current electrode and potential electrode leads is analyzed for different homogeneous earths, operating frequency and separation between leads. Also, in urbanized area very often...
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