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Both treadmill training and epidural stimulation can help to reactivate the central pattern generator (CPG) in the spinal cord after a spinal cord injury. However, designing an appropriate training approach and a stimulation profile is still a controversial issue. Bearing the Hebbian theory in mind, one can speculate a relation between the number of input afferent signals and the quality of movement...
Mitigating pathological synchrony of neurons in basal ganglia networks was considered as one of the potential mechanisms of deep brain stimulation (DBS) in treating Parkinson's disease. Motivated by reducing the energy of external stimuli, optimal control strategies are presented to regulate DBS waveform so as to mitigate synchronous oscillations of neural networks with fewer energy expenditure. In...
Satellite glial cells (SGCs) are supporting cells enveloping and isolating soma of neurons in sensory ganglia such as dorsal root ganglion (DRG) in the peripheral nervous system. Recent studies have shown that they are involved in intercellular communication between neuronal somata within ganglia in chronic pain and inflammatory conditions. One hypothesis proposed for this communication is via release...
Sparse Bayesian Learning (SBL) is a widely used framework which helps us to deal with two basic problems of machine learning, to avoid overfitting of the model and to incorporate prior knowledge into it. In this work, multiple linear regression models under the SBL framework are used for the problem of multiclass classification when multiple subjects are available. As a case study, we apply our method...
Stroke can be defined as a sudden onset of neurological deficits caused by a focal injury to the central nervous system from a vascular cause. In ischemic stroke (∼87% of all strokes) and transient ischemic attack (TIA), the blood vessel carrying blood to the brain is blocked causing deficit in the glucose supply - the main energy source. Here, neurovascular coupling (NVC) mechanism links neural activity...
Current Brain Computer Interface (BCI) systems are limited by relying on neuronal spikes and decoding limited to kinematics only. For a BCI system to be practically useful, it should be able to decode brain information on a continuous basis with low latency. This study investigates if force can be decoded from local field potentials (LFP) recorded with deep brain electrodes located at the Subthalamic...
Recently, we proposed a musculoskeletal model to simultaneously predict motion along metacarpophalangeal (MCP) and wrist flexion/extension degrees-of-freedom (DOFs) from surface electromyography (EMG) signals. Since wrist pronation/supination is also functionally important, we extended the musculoskeletal model to simultaneously estimate wrist pronation/supination in addition to wrist and MCP flexion/extension...
This paper presents a distributed open-loop optogenetic control for suppression of epileptiform activity in a neural population model of cortex. In epilepsy, cortical seizures or epileptiform activities occur when pyramidal cells become hyper-excitable due to the loss of inhibitory interneurons. A straightforward way to suppress these epileptiform activities is to inhibit pyramidal cells by exciting...
Intracellular calcium spiking generates versatile signals that control various key neuronal functions. However, estimation of neuronal spiking pattern at subcellular spatial resolution remains challenging. In this context, we propose calcium imaging to estimate activities in soma, dendrite and axon, along with neuronal interconnections and network topology. Accordingly, we develop a novel integrated...
The fundamental role of the cerebellum in motor learning explains the deficits of cerebellar patients in adaptation to a changing environment. For example, lesions to the cerebellar cortex compromise performance during tasks like reaching a target under a force field perturbation. However, the exact relationship between neural damages and misbehaviors still needs to be clarified. To this aim, it could...
Optical techniques such as two-photon (2p) calcium imaging have the potential to transform the way we interrogate neural circuits, both in the realm of basic neuroscience and in the development of brain-machine interfaces (BMIs). This may be possible by overcoming some of the limitations of electrophysiological methods. Here we ask if optical imaging signals, in particular 2p GCaMP6 calcium imaging...
In this paper, the interaction between axons in nerve trunks has been characterized in the statistical sense while the mechanism model is investigated based on two different observation scales. In order to describe the interaction phenomena, a symmetric coupling factor matrix has been presented which is considered as a transverse mode combining the standard cable equation. It has been shown that the...
Visual prosthesis opens new perspectives in the field of restoring vision for blind people. It aims to bypass the defective stages of the natural visual pathway and to provide proper inputs to the later stages. The starting point of any visual prosthesis is an image processing model which is typically performed in two phases: Feature extraction to highlight the important information of visual scene,...
Brain waves contain fundamental information about cortical activity: signal power within certain frequency bands, which is exploited by a variety of Brain-Computer Interface applications. For real-time systems, these features must be estimated as quickly as possible while maintaining high signal fidelity. Here, we present a statistically optimal signal processing framework for real-time bandpower...
The ability to detect noxious stimuli and evoke a defensive response is made possible by specialized peripheral sensory neurons called nociceptors that respond to stimuli such as extreme temperature, pressure and injury. A number of experimental studies have been done on nociceptors at various range of temperatures in order to understand the underlying biophysical mechanisms. Simple models for describing...
Traumatic brain injuries and damage are major causes of death and disability. Whereas recent experimental evidence has uncovered mechanical phenomena accompanying the neural activity, the mechanism by which mechanical impact affects neuronal impairment remains unclear. We propose a 3D model of a nerve bundle to understand the electrophysiological changes due to trauma. Here, the electrical and mechanical...
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