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Safe path-planning in an environment subject to the presence of other vehicles or obstacles in general is a crucial task for autonomous vehicle development. A complete control scheme is designed in order to test a decentralized fast MPC path planner algorithm. The proposed control scheme is composed by a receding replanner based on a fast numerical implementation of a nonlinear optimization problem...
This paper discusses manufacturing of integrated smart systems enabling novel functionalities for transportation field. An overview of the main challenging aspects for production based on flexible electronics building blocks is described. All the manufacturing value chain, needed for successful integration, will be evaluated concerning material and processes as well. As example of applications of...
Electric vehicles represent one of the most relevant innovations in the transportation sector. However, their adoption depends upon several factors, such as the presence of proper charging infrastructures. Given that the realization of charging infrastructures for electric vehicles - as it happens with any radical innovation - requires companies to adapt their business model, the paper analyzes a...
The electrification of vehicle offers the possibility of developing several powertrain layouts due to the use of more than one electric motor. If more than one motor is used to drive a single axle of the vehicle, it is extremely simple to develop torque vectoring based control strategies. In this paper, the effect of torque vectoring applied to different powertrain layouts for HEV is shown and analyzed.
Electric and hybrid powertrains may represent an interesting solution for small vans and other commercial vehicles, to be used in urban environment. Thanks to the rapid development of powertrain technologies, different technical solutions can be investigated. As consequence, it is important the development of tools and methodologies to analyse and compare quickly the different variants under study...
The design of electric turbochargers is a challenging task because it requires a suitable compromise between mechanical, output power and thermal characteristics. The present paper motivates the use of hysteresis motors in this high-speed application. This choice is driven by the high mechanical strength, elevated working temperature and output power density of the semi-hard magnetic materials that...
Variable speed operation has been proposed in literature as a solution to efficiency and pollution problems for diesel generating units, as well to improve efficiency and power conversion in rotating systems for renewable energy sources. In general, different topologies of prime-movers, like internal combustion engines, wind turbines and hydro turbines, etc. can be used to move an electric generator...
In this work, the optimal powertrain design and control problem of a 2-independent-wheel-driving (2-IWD) electric race car aiming at minimizing the lap time on a given track is formulated and solved with a developed optimal control software GDYNOPT, which is based on the direct transcription method and nonlinear programming (NLP). There are three innovative features of this work with respect to the...
The main purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive study of an online energy management strategy devoted to hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) parallel drivetrains adopting an integrated multi-drives topology to interface a multi winding induction machine with the on-board hybrid storage units. This solution is designed to allow multi-directional power flows among the storage units and the drivetrain...
This paper presents a 12V batteries modeling approach suitable for both lead acid and Li-ion batteries. In this work we have developed a simulation model, based on equivalent circuit models, of the lead acid and 12V Li-ion batteries in order to study their operating behavior. The trade-off between model accuracy and complexity is analyzed in order to obtain a proper model behavior under various operating...
A numerical investigation is carried out to assess the EMC and EMF safety compliance of a wireless power transfer (WPT) system used to recharge the battery of an electric vehicle (EV). The assessment is numerically performed considering a WPT system working at the frequency of 85 kHz with output power of 7.7 kW. The prediction of the electromagnetic field is carried out by using a finite element method...
We present a 3D-ranging camera based on the optical indirect Time-of-Flight technique, suitable for automotive applications. The camera is based on a 64×32-pixel chip, integrating a Single-Photon Avalanche Diode (SPAD) in each pixel, fabricated in an automotive-certified CMOS technology, and on an 808 nm active illuminator, emitting 1.5 W average optical power. Thanks to the SPAD single-photon sensitivity...
This paper presents an innovative lead acid battery, based on nanostructured active materials. Both charging time and specific energy are greatly enhanced in comparison with commercial lead acid battery. Starting from the extremely valuable performances of the nanostructured battery, also a circuital model, for application in electric vehicle traction, has been specifically developed. The circuital...
Electric field disturbances generated by automotive components are measured according to the Absorber Lined Shielded Enclosure (ALSE) test method, as defined in the international standard CISPR 25. An interlaboratory comparison, started on September 2016 and concluded on February 2017, identified the frequency range from 10 MHz to 50 MHz as the most problematic from the point of view of measurement...
This paper deals with the capacity fade of a lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) battery for electric and hybrid vehicles. Thanks to low costs of small Li-Ion battery tests, many studies have analyzed life prediction models. The aim of this paper is to verify whether these models can be used to predict battery lifetime of a high capacity Li-Ion battery for full electric and hybrid vehicles, or not. During...
Nowadays, the electrical traction system is gaining more and more attentions since it is regarded as the most promising solution to ease energy crisis, air pollution and global warming. As one of the key devices, the electrical motors determine the main performance of the transport system. In this paper, a synthesis of synchronous motors for traction applications is presented. Since PM motors have...
This paper describes a control algorithm for gearshifts maneuvers designed for a hybrid electric vehicle architecture in which an electric machine is connected to the output of a traditional five-speed automated manual transmission, thus obtaining a torque-fill capability during gearshifts. The controller is realized dividing the entire gearshift process into five phases. The objectives of each phase,...
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