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The context of software architecting increasingly reflects webs of IT companies pooling resources together for software development. What results is a networked organization, populated by heterogeneous development communities connected via internet. How does this scenario change the process of software architecting? Pivoting around this research question, this paper presents architecture concerns...
Architecture decisions are often not explicitly documented in practice but reside in the architect's mind as tacit knowledge, even though explicit capturing and documentation of architecture decisions has been associated with a multitude of benefits. As part of a research collaboration with ABB, we developed a tool to document architecture decisions. This tool is an add-in for Enterprise Architect...
A previous study, run by some of the authors in collaboration with practitioners, has emphasized the need to improve architectural languages in order to (i) make them simple and intuitive enough to communicate effectively with project stakeholders, and (ii) enable formality and rigour to allow analysis and other automated tasks. Although a multitude of languages have been created by researchers and...
Requirements evolve over the development lifecycle of a software project. Agile practices are designed specifically to address this challenge while showing early and continuous progress towards project goals. Applying an agile approach allows stakeholders to adapt the scope and capabilities of a development release to changing market needs. More recently, an agile approach has been recommended for...
The use of Representational State Transfer (REST) as an architectural style for integrating services and applications brings several benefits, but also poses new challenges and risks. Particularly important among those risks are failures to effectively address quality attribute requirements such as security, reliability, and performance. An architecture evaluation early in the software life cycle...
Cyber-physical systems (CPS) are systems of cooperating autonomous components which closely interact with and control the physical environment. Being distributed and typically based on periodic activities, CPS have to cope with the problem that data capturing a distributed state of the system and its environment are inherently inaccurate (they represent belief on the state). In particular, this poses...
Contemporary software systems are becoming increasingly large, heterogeneous, and decentralised. They operate in dynamic environments and their architectures exhibit complex trade-offs across dimensions of goals, time, and interaction, which emerges internally from the systems and externally from their environment. This gives rise to the vision of self-aware architecture, where design decisions and...
The advocates of architecture traceability approaches regularly cite advantages like easier understanding of architectural designs and support for software quality control and maintenance. However, the lack of published empirical data on the usefulness of architecture traceability is one of the reasons that prevents the wide adoption of traceability approaches in industrial settings. This paper reports...
Reference architectures have emerged as a special type of software architecture that achieves well-recognized understanding of specific domains, promoting reuse of design expertise and facilitating the development, standardization, and evolution of software systems. Because of their advantages, several reference architectures have been proposed and have been also successfully used, including in the...
Advanced asset health management solutions blend business intelligence with analytics that incorporate expert operational knowledge of industrial equipment and systems. Key challenges in developing these solutions include: streamlining the capture and prepackaging of operational experts' knowledge as analytic modules, efficiently evolving the modules as knowledge grows, adapting the analytics in the...
When architecting software systems, architects (with the contribution of other stakeholders) make several design decisions. These decisions could be related to the selection of the right components and connectors, the architectural style to be used, the distribution of various components, the deployment of software components into hardware devices, etc. Many methods have been proposed by the research...
The proponents of Agile software development approaches claim that software architecture emerges from continuous small refactoring, hence, there is not much value in spending upfront effort on architecture related issues. Based on a large-scale empirical study involving 102 practitioners who had worked with agile and architecture approaches, we have found that whether or not architecture emerges through...
Currently Web services remain one of the leading technologies for implementing components of distributed service oriented software architectures. One of the most frequent form of compositions of these entities is Web service orchestration. As any other software artifact, such service compositions are subject to an unescapable evolution (Lehman's first law of software evolution). Either for answering...
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