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This paper presents the possibilities of a Smart Grid to broaden the results that may be obtained in the area of Energy Efficiency in the Electricity Sector. It is evident that the Brazilian National Plan for Energy Efficiency does not consider the use of Energy Management Systems as a possibility to control consumption. It also demonstrates the need to have a tool capable of simulating the various...
Due to the expected increase in Distributed Generation ?? DG ?? connected to the mains from consuming units, the utilities are concerned about problems that may arise in the electrical system and the need to control that. In this scenario, it was proposed the development of protective equipment for connecting DG on the electricity system integrated with smart grid. The functional requirements of the...
In the network reconfiguration context, the challenge nowadays is to improve the system in order to get intelligent systems that are able to monitor the network and produce refined information to support the operator decisions in real time, this because the network is wide, ramified and in some places difficult to access. The objective of this paper is to present the first results of the network reconfiguration...
This paper discusses the various aspects involving the research and development of smart grids. Discussed are applications going from large grid renewable integration, WAMPAC systems to micro-grids. Load scheduling and power balance, communications issues, understanding customer behavior, large area protection, distribution control are only some aspects of the challenge of making power grids more...
Support of distribution system with distributed generation and microgeneration solar panels and the operation of microgrid isolated, are topics of current research. Photovoltaic systems can be a solution to ensure uninterrupted supplies to the user and becomes a backup for failures in the distribution system. This operation has to support isolated load variations, affecting the Photovoltaic array...
Traditional methodologies for calculating short-circuit are strongly influenced by the influential parameters of the calculation, among them: Short-circuit power; Resistance and reactance of cables; Fault impedance. The vagueness of these parameters may compromise the setting protection and lead even to a complete lack of protection in some situations. This paper presents a methodology of calculation...
This paper presents a methodology for efficient allocation of distributed generation units (DG), based on the genetic algorithm of Chu-Beasley. This algorithm presents good performance and obtains accurate solutions solving the allocation DG problem when used in distribution systems of small and medium size. The proposed methodology was compared with an exhaustive search algorithm. The results shown,...
This paper presents a transient based approach to diagnose high impedance faults (HIFs) on smart distribution grids. The algorithm does not require the knowledge of the feeder parameters and uses the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) to monitor fault-induced transients at strategic points of the power system, taking advantages of available Smart Grid communication channels. It allows the HIF detection...
Connections are present in all electrical circuits, they come in many shapes and materials, but all share one common trait: they are involved directly or indirectly in many grid faults. The integrity of power system grids plays a fundamental role in the smart grid context. The monitoring of equipment and assets contributes significantly to the reliability of electric power systems. This article aims...
Over the years, several methods were applied to forecasting problem, usually without considering the system topology. With smart grid introduction the connection between grid components and data amount generated can be considered to improve load forecasts. Using dynamical systems concepts it's possible to include network characteristics, such as connections between buses and lines impedances, by applying...
This paper presents results of investigations on issues related to inclusion of microgeneration and micro-grids in distribution systems and the difficulties imposed on load flow programs. Aspects of modeling using current injection in rectangular coordinates and solution by Newton-Raphson's method are presented. Cases, using the IEEE 13-Node Test Feeder considering the inclusion of microgeneration,...
In dealing with computer networks, these allow the flow of information through the resources of various equipment's. This work describes the implementation through the encapsulation of Protocol DNP3, usually employed in Smart Grid communication, in a simulator of discrete events. The NS-2 is a simulator in open source of network events, that facilitate the development of communication networks scenarios...
A modified load flow algorithm for microgrids operating in islanded mode is developed in this paper. The proposed algorithm is able to perform load flow calculations in networks without making use of the slack bus concept, and is suitable for applications to islanded microgrids. The developed algorithm includes the explicit representation of the steady-state characteristics of microsource controllers,...
The design of smart energy networks ?? Smart Grids ?? is based on massively sensing information from devices distributed on power grid and the use of communications solutions that meet critical operational requirements. These requirements are associated with the supervision and control functions involved in all stages of electricity supply, especially in distribution systems. This paper discusses...
The smart metering and the application of energy hourly rates will be one of the more visible ways to include the consumer into smart grid concept. The residential consumers can be considered the most responsible for the costs of system expansion and do not have alternatives of tariff that induce it at a better use of energy. This way, the white hourly rate, which was created aiming the promotion...
The non-technical loss is not a problem with trivial solution or regional character and its minimization represents the guarantee of investments in product quality and maintenance of power systems, introduced by a competitive environment after the period of privatization in the national scene. In this paper, we show how to improve the training phase of a neural network-based classifier using a recently...
This paper presents a methodology which includes some technical guidelines, plan of development, and migration of communication technologies that may be used in the design of a communication network in the electric utility companies. Some patterns are analyzed containing conceptual visions used as references for elaboration of any technical action in the development of interoperable communication...
Although Distributed Generation (DG) is a sustainable alternative to meet the growing demand for electricity, the intermittency of its primary sources and operational variability introduces additional uncertainties to the Power Distribution Systems (PDS). Because of great potential for penetration of DG in the PDS, it is important to investigate the DG impact to the grid's safety and reliability....
This work is the first in a line of research for the development of a wireless autonomous monitoring system for substations and transmission lines, based on ZigBee technology and solar energy. An experiment was conducted in a substation of extra-high voltage of 525 kV and was proved the feasibility of developing such system.
Grid frequency fluctuation from the nominal value is expected by the standards related to distributed generation (DG) and smart grid (SG) systems. The Phase Locked Loop (PLL) estimates a signal synchronized with the fundamental frequency of the grid voltage that will be used by the controllers of the power converter of a DG system. A discrete model for the PLL, including the phase detector harmonic...
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