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Theoretical and experimental studies of the formation of a dense cloud of relativistic electrons at injection of the relativistic electron beam (REB) with a supercritical current into vacuum have been carried out in [1,2]. It has been pointed out that such a cloud of relativistic electrons produced in a plasma layer, may be used for collective ion acceleration [2,3]. Under the influence of the field...
In the paper the formation peculiarities of charged particle beams in high-voltage diode Vd = 20 ÷ 50 kV using the plasma bunch accelerated by the θ-pinch injector are considered in view of the utilization prospects of high-power ion beams tor plasma heating /1/.
Electrons can be confined in a “bumpy” torus so that they are effectively trapped by mirror magnetic fields and do not circulate around the torus. The electron space charge can be used to confine or focus a much smaller number of ions. Since the ion motion is non-adiabatic and only weakly dependent on the magnetic field, ions can be accelerated around the torus by a small toroidal electric field....
High current ion and electron beams are receiving increasing attention at present primarily because of their applications in fusion related studies. Thus they are used in neutral beam heating [1] in magnetic cinfinement fusion machines. Particle beams are also of interest in plasma-wall interaction studies [2] in fusion devices. They also have potential applications in laser excitation) [3], microwave...
The heating of thin foils with high power relativistic electron beam (R. E. B.) has been investigated some years ago [1 – 2]. KURCHATOV russian laboratory claimed to have obtain anomalous high energy density in the foil due to enhanced absorption of the beam. These experiments seem very promising for inertial confinement programs. The paper we present deals with interaction of an electron beam versus...
Irradiation of a target by short bunches of high energy heavy ions is one of the promising directions in the studies of thermonuclear fusion. For spherically symmetric irradiation it is necessary to produce a number of spatially separated bunches. For their successful focusing onto the target a sufficiently small common emittance should be provided. The full energy W of all accelerated particles should...
The use of intense electron beams for ignition of pulsed thermonuclear reaction necessitates the investigations of interaction of beams having current densities of order 107A/cm2 and more, with metal foils. The present work is an extension of experiments on interaction of beams with thin foils having been started on Triton and Angara-1 [1, 2]. The most essential characteristics of the interaction...
REB has its most advantages in efficient generation of beam of large energy and low cost in construction and operation comparing with high power lasers as the energy driver for ICF. It seems to be feasible in this sense to use REB as the driver for the practical ICF reactor. There are still many physical and technical problems to be investigated, beyond them the reactor can be designed. They are (1)...
An attractive feature of the high energy (> GeV) heavy ion beam approach to inertial fusion, as compared with other particle beam systems, is the relative simplicity involved in the transport and focusing of energy on the target inside a reactor chamber. While this focusing could be done in vacuum by conventional methods with multiple beams, there are significant advantages in reactor design if...
We have recently been successful with accelerating 50 mA of Xe+1 to 1.1 MeV in our modified Dynamitron in a pulse 100 µsec long. We anticipate conditioning the column to 1.5 MeV and bunching and accelerating the beam to 2 MeV in the first stages of the low velocity linac within the next few months. On the basis of the recommendations by a national committee (Foster II) reviewing inertial confinement...
The concept of heavy ion fusion experiment has been intensively discussed for these years[1–2]. All designs of the ion driver system investigated so far, are based on the requirements for the beam qualities given by the theoretical and numerical analyses of the D-T pellet dynamics: the total energy of 1 MJ at a peak power of 100 TW in a shaped pulse with a repetition rate of 1 Hz and an energy deposition...
The injection of relativistic electron beams into a magnetic cusp through the ring cusp has previously been investigated at a power level of 1010 watts.1 Energy was transferred from a ring-shaped beam inside the diode to a target in the zero-field region of the cusp with a maximum efficiency of 30%.
An intense relativistic-electron beam ring of the current above 30 kA was used to confine a hot plasma. The ring was formed in a toroidal device SPAC-V by a pulse injection of e-beam, using the plasma-anode method. Induced return currents of the plasma affected the ring formation. The lifetime of the ring reached 1.6 ms during which time evolutions of several parameters like the poloidal βp were studied.
Recent experiments have demonstrated that the magnetron geometry can be adapted for gigawatt power production by short-pulse (≤1 µsec) operation at high voltages (>0.2 MeV) [1–3]. The high powers were achieved by using field emission diodes. The slow-wave structures in these magnetrons had relatively few cavities and an anode-cathode separation substantially smaller than the periodic spacing of...
Computer simulations have been performed to study the injection of monoenergetic. electron beams with uniform number density into a evacuated cylindrical drift tube. An oscillating virtual cathode is produced by having, the injected current exceed the space-charge limiting current of the tube. The results of oscillation are readily noted downstream from the virtual cathode in two competing processes...
We have studied the force free equilibrium of an electron beam in a drift tube. We considered only radial force balance. The injection region which leads to longitudinal fields was taken into account only through the injected profiles of energy and current.
The development of effective transport and focussing methods for high current relativistic electron beams (REB) is of great importance for the use of such beams in controlled fusion experiments with inertial containment, in microwave generation etc. REB propagation for considerable distances is possible when the beam is contained by external magnetic fields or when it is neutralized by the REB proper...
Protons and deuterons produced in a pinch reflex diode are magnetically focused by the self-magnetic field of the ion current in the diode vacuum region and then focused ballistically in a gas filled drift region. With a flat diode geometry, peak ion powers approaching 1 TW (700 kA at 1.3 MV) have been produced corresponding to a 2/3 conversion efficiency of peak diode current to ion current. Ion...
The problem of electron beam fusion consists, in essence, in consecutively increasing the density and power of electromagnetic energy which in the final stage is delivered to the thermonuclear target by the electron beam. In any reactor design, the problem of transporting considerable portions of energy over comparatively long distances with maximum density and minimal losses remains.
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