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Research into molecular computation offers exciting possibilities for interfacing computation with biological systems. This could be achieved using light to switch photochromic molecules between states. For example, 6-Nitro-BIPS2 can be switched from a Spiropyran (SP) state to a Trans-Merocyanine (MC) state using UV photons while visible light switches from MC to SP. The MC state is also fluorescent...
Being a relatively new class of host molecule, cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8], Scheme 1) has been studied extensively and used in many areas such as molecular machine, molecular switches and molecular wires etc[1–3]. While, acridine orange (AO)[4] is capable of cell-permeable, and interacts with DNA and RNA by intercalation or electrostatic attractions respectively, so it is widely used for cell staining,...
Surface plasmon (SP) microscopy offers great potential for bioimaging applications particularly for quantitative measurement of refractive index over localized regions. Our aim is to measure variations in refractive index so that important events such as antibody-antigen binding can be measured on smaller spatial scales than is possible with conventional prism based SP imaging. To this end we have...
Intracellular viscosity strongly influences transportation of mass and signal, interactions between the biomacromolecules, and diffusion of reactive metabolites in live cells such as ROS and RNS. Intracellular viscosity changes relate to a number of diseases and pathologies. So it is meaningful to investigate the microviscosity at cellular level. Fluorescent molecular rotors are recently developed...
The imaging of cells flowing through blood vessels can be a useful diagnostic tool'. However, live samples are usually transparent and contrast is poor with bright-field microscopy. A variety of methods are available to improve contrast including; phase contrast, differential interference contrast, fluorescent labelling and surface plasmon resonance imaging. These methods are not all amenable to automated...
Fluorescence imaging techniques are powerful tools in the biological and biomedical sciences, because they are minimally invasive and can be applied to live cells and tissues. It is advantageous to exploit the many properties of fluorescence in imaging experiments.[1–3] We demonstrate a novel experimental arrangement for measurements of intracellular dynamics by simultaneous acquisition of fluorescence...
Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is sensitive to changes of refractive index at a metal-dielectric interface. This technique has been applied to image networks of neurons non-invasively. The long term survival of active neural networks on SPR sensors requires optimisation of both the cell culture and the surface chemistry to ensure neurons adhere and grow uniformly.
In the study of biological samples, it is often necessary to monitor and record cells in vitro via longterm imaging. The images must maintain focus throughout the recording period. Many algorithms have previously been developed to quantify the sharpness of an image.
Understanding the long-term behaviour of cells is of considerable significance for cell biologists. This requires that the physicochemical environment is stable, which is difficult to achieve in conventional tissue culture incubators. Microfluidics devices can potentially provide a stable, highly controllable, environment.
Cameras used in functional cardial imaging studies are limited to low spatial resolutions in order to reach the frame rates required for mapping fast activation patterns in the intact heart. As a result, single pixels integrate signal from a large tissue volume, which leads to order of maginitude underestimates of action potential upstroke velocities. Temporal pixel multiplexing (TPM) is a new imaging...
A recognized advantage of optical microscopy lies in the fact that allows non-invasive three-dimensional (3D) imaging of live cells at the submicron scale with high specificity [1]. The advent of the visible fluorescent proteins [2] and of a myriad of fluorescent tags pushed fluorescence microscopy to become the most popular imaging tool in cell biology. The confocal and multiphoton versions of fluorescence...
We have been actively developing surface plasmon (SP) microscopy as a technique which has great potential for measuring localized changes in refractive index. We have used various interference techniques1 to demonstrate the potential of the method as have other researchers2. The so called V(z) response gives an indication properties of the SPs generated on the sample.
In the last decade, super-resolution techniques, including stimulated emission depletion (STED), structured illumination, and localization scheme, have revolutionized optical microscopy and related applications. The spatial resolution has now achieved a few tens of nanometers, greatly surpassing the Abbe's diffraction limit and allowing unprecedented imaging of novel structures in life sciences.
It is important to understand the dynamic organization of membrane-bound molecules in order to arrive at a comprehensive view of cellular signaling mediated by membrane-bound receptors.1 We addressed the organization and dynamics of the human serotonin1A receptor fused to enhanced yellow fluorescent protein expressed in CHO cells. Serotonin1A receptors are prototypical members of the G-protein coupled...
Many scientific optical measurement problems require specialised processing, examples are phase stepping, pump probe experiments or speckle averaging. Many of these are carried out with a single photodetector or with conventional cameras. The ability to integrate custom electronics alongside photodetectors allows custom cameras to be developed that are well suited to these specialised techniques....
Neuroanatomical architecture is considered the basis for understanding brain functions and dysfunctions. Several imaging approaches have been made for brainwide mapping of neural circuits at a mesoscopic scale, including our developed Micro-Optical Sectioning Tomography (MOST) system that can provide submicron tomography of a centimeter-sized whole mouse brain. In this talk, we will clarify the unique...
When studying activity in neuronal networks it is desirable to induce arbitrary patterns of action potential activity. Neurons transduced with light-sensitive ion channels (ChR2 and NpHR) can be stimulated by incident light. Prior research has determined that irradiance of at least 1mWmm−2 pulsed at 1kHz at 470nm (for excitation) and 590nm (for inhibition) will result in reliable stimulation of a...
Recent development of cylindrical vector beams prompts its application in optical trapping, which shows more effective and improved trapping efficiency in contrast to the traditional Gaussian beam of spatially homogeneous polarization. Using the T-matrix method and vectorial diffraction theory, we calculated and compared the radiation forces exerted on dielectric particles respectively by the linearly...
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