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This paper provides a historical perspective of the Research activities carried out in Telecommunications in the US and Europe. It describes the three phases that embody innovation in Telecom and explains the “triangular models” of the Bell System and ITT that enabled the funding of huge RDE expenses. The output of these efforts is reviewed in terms of products and the prestige attained by Corporations...
The Compañía Telefónica Nacional de España (CTNE, `Telefónica' in colloquial speech then) was incorporated in 1924. It was a strategic move of New York-based holding ITT. In contrast with a landscape of State-owned networks across Europe, Telefónica was the subsidiary of an American corporation, with internal organization, procedures and ideas that revealed that origin. We study the influence...
The telephone was transferred very soon to Spain but its spread in the country was slow and limited as a result of a restrictive, contradictory and irresolute policy, lagging behind advanced economies. This paper addresses a major topic in history of the Spanish telecommunications: the creation by ITT in 1924 of Compañía Telefónica Nacional de España, a firm operating in the whole domestic market...
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