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The design and implementation of a new control scheme for reactive power compensation, voltage regulation and transient stability enhancement for wind turbines equipped with fixed-speed induction generators in large interconnected power systems is presented. The nonlinear behavior of wind turbines has been represented in this paper by an uncertain term, derived from the Cauchy remainder of the Taylor...
With the emission reduction scheme introduced, increasing number of wind farms have been planned and/or installed in many countries. In this paper, issues with wind power connection to the existing power grid are discussed, with particular emphasize on system operations and planning aspects. In addition to power system analysis, implications of wind power impacts on the electricity market operations...
The combination of extensive cable networks and wind turbine converters has been identified as a potential cause of resonances. A modelling approach for a doubly fed induction generator and a full power converter fed generator for harmonic penetration studies is developed and discussed. An example offshore wind farm is then studied in the simulation package IPSA using the detailed wind turbine generator...
With increasing wind power in power systems, impact of wind generators on subsynchronous resonance (SSR) is of interest. Previous research has shown the impact of wind generation on SSR. In this paper, a control strategy is developed utilizing the power converters' control capability in a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG)-based wind turbine system. The control is realized through modulating the...
Due to the energy challenges in the world, new types of generation technologies, such as renewable energy based generators, attract great attention and are being quickly developed, which results in the dramatic developments and changes in modern power systems, the communication technologies play a increasingly important role in guaranteeing the power system's stability, reliability, and security....
The European Union has enacted ambitious targets concerning the implementation of renewable energy sources into the present energy systems. These targets are binding and have stepwise to be fulfilled until the year 2020.
Ability to reasonably predict the power outputs of wind farms enables a better management of reserves and control mechanisms of turbines. Wind power forecasting is also important in assessing the wind energy potential of a region at the planning stages. This paper focuses on the prediction of power generation from wind farms in the short term. It proposes a least squares based method of predicting...
The UK Government plans that offshore wind power should play a major part in meeting the UK's renewable energy and carbon emission targets by 2020. The pioneer UK Round 1 offshore wind farm projects, based on sites let in 2001, were supported by the UK Department of Trade and Industry's “Offshore Wind Capital Grants Scheme”. This paper reviews the economic and operational performances of those farms...
Grid integration of wind power plants is complicated by wind variability and the technical characteristics of wind generators. At high levels of wind power penetration, the need for several types of ancillary services increases while the traditional resources that provide those services may become less economic or available. This paper describes a suite of advanced wind plant controllers designed...
Using bulk energy storage systems such as pumped-hydro electric storage (PHES) and compressed-air energy storage (CAES) with wind power plants offers advantages. They are well-proven technologies and more economical compared to batteries. Being synchronous machines, apart from the ability to regulate wind farm real power output, they can also be used to provide reactive power to support wind farms,...
The integration of renewable energy sources such as wind power into power systems is quite difficult due to their stochastic nature. As wind power penetration begins to reach significant levels these difficulties can mean great financial expenses and increased carbon emissions. In this paper we demonstrate that through smart utilization of multiple generation sources, a technique we call integrated...
This paper describes the top-down value based transmission planning process for Eastern Wind Integration and Transmission Study (EWITS) with the consideration of large scale wind generation over the Eastern Interconnect footprint. Achieving 20% to 30% wind energy penetration across the Eastern Interconnect will require significant transmission infrastructure expansion. The transmission overlays developed...
The strive for sustainable energy systems will most likely lead to an increased use of renewable energy sources which to a large extent are fluctuating. Therefore, a larger demand for balancing capacity will be required to maintain system security. Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEV) represent a potential storage which could offer additional balancing power. Here, the applicability of PHEVs for...
With the recent emphasis on environmental issues and concerns for global warming, many states have adopted aggressive Renewable Portfolio Standards (RPS) requiring electricity suppliers to obtain a minimum percentage of their power from renewable energy resources by a given date. Among various states, California leads with an RPS of 20% by 2010, and 33% by 2020. Most renewable resources, by their...
Today, a large number of wind generator interconnection requests have been queued and are being processed. The generator interconnection group study is a way to reduce the generator interconnection cycle time and increase interconnection certainty. However, it is very challenging to identify the “best” transmission upgrades for a large group of generator interconnections. It is also very important...
This paper presents a new method of using co-ordinated control and short term wind speed prediction to smooth the output of an array of wind turbines. The proposed controller uses knowledge of the kinetic energy storage potential in the rotor disc to allow production of piecewise static power outputs from variable wind inputs. Previous studies have shown that there are large peaks in wind power variability...
Current methods in which maximum sizes of new wind farms are determined do not take into consideration their impact on future wind penetration levels. In this paper, two methods are proposed to determine maximum sizes of multiple new wind farms for maximizing wind penetration levels. In both methods, each new wind farm size is determined using an iterative process where each wind farm's size is incremented...
The inherent variability and uncertainty of wind power generation is a major issue for countries attempting to harness large quantities of wind-based renewable energy. Such properties of wind make optimal balancing of demand and generation a much more complex task. Clearly the flexibility of thermal plant in the electrical power system is of key importance, especially in smaller systems with high...
Wind energy is the fastest growing source of renewable energy in the power industry and it will continue to grow worldwide as many countries are developing plans for its future development. For power system operators, this increasing contribution of wind energy to the grid poses new challenges that need to be addressed in order to ensure the reliability and security of the electric power grid. One...
Wind speed variability generates the main challenges for grid integration of wind power. Worldwide, requirements governing generator connection to the transmission grid evolve as the modern energy industry continues to develop. With increased wind power penetration, wind power plants are required to provide grid support and control actions similar to conventional power plants. Dedicated control systems...
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