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Asset managers of electric infrastructures often deal with the following question: “how long will my cable circuits last”. This question has its origin in the increasing need to postpone replacement of cable systems as much as possible. Many cable networks are at age, so what to do? Take the risk and continue or replace it. The key factor to support management decisions like this is knowledge about...
This paper summarizes the objectives, the methodological aspects, and the key results of the survey on customer outages cost conducted in Italy in the year 2003. The paper reports the main findings and the estimated costs for various interruption scenarios. The Italian regulatory regime for quality of electricity supply entered a new regulatory period at the beginning of the year 2004: the paper illustrates...
Electricity outages, be they voltage dips or sustained interruptions to supply, generally have an economic impact on the customers affected thereby. The paper describes a recent review of electricity supply interruption performance experienced by and reliability worth to business customers in South Africa and the consequent influence on their investment decisions. The electricity supply industry in...
An increasing shift from large generation units ("centralized generation") to small generation units ("distributed energy resources" or DER) will lead to a reduction of the fault level in the transmission system. This will have a range of impacts on the operation and security of transmission systems. In this paper the impact on the number of dips as experienced by end-customers...
Sustainable energy is a central element of an integrated approach to corporate social responsibility currently being developed by Enel and all its Business Divisions. Sustainable strategy means many social actions from which energy efficiency programs are one of the most important. In fact Energy Efficiency helps to combat the climate change, reducing the need to burn fossil fuels and therefore associated...
This paper shows how a customer who has locally installed electricity production units could increase the daily profit of local electricity production by using a smart interface unit.
From the energy consumption point of view, the residential sector is the second largest sector in Romania. Although almost all types of energy (electricity, thermal energy, oil petroleum products, natural gas, coal) used in households decreased in the last years, having the same trend of energy consumption like in all other sectors. The paper presents official data about the present situation, the...
The main goal of the paper is initiation of new approach aiming to reduce power losses. Simultaneously, some voltage problems at the low voltage networks ends are solved. Basic idea is incorporation of compensation of reactive power deep in the low voltage networks. Several examples, presented here, show our experiences in method applying.
The vision of distribution networks in Europe with a high penetration of Distributed Generation (DG) and its advantages and barriers is of strong interest for all participants in the electricity market. The EU supports research activities on the DG topic, so the cluster “Integration of RES + DG” with the associated projects “DGFACTS” and “DISPOWER". Verbundplan is partner in both projects and...
Within this paper a methodology to investigate correlations between reliability of supply as one major aspect of quality of supply and network costs is introduced. First results of a study based on this methodology will be presented, particularly with respect to the interrelation among these correlations, characteristics of the supply area and the individual strategy of a system operator.
In this paper, a comprehensive optimization tool for the local trading strategies of Combined Heat and Power (CHP) generating plant in the competitive energy market context is presented. The idea is that a choice must be made between the installation of cogeneration and separate systems for electricity and heat. The energy management in the liberalized market context is becoming more complex. Energies...
Application of Information Technology (IT) to distribution systems is an important factor for making the business effective and profitable. Similarly to other fields of the electrical sector, IT is rapidly increasing in the distribution system. A survey on the current status has been carried out (from December 2002 to May 2003) as an activity of the CIGRE Working Group WG 37.35 “Information technology...
The double circuit or parallel transmission lines are more and more widely used in modern power system to improve transmission capability and reliability. Many types of relaying protection techniques can be used to protect parallel double transmission lines, such as over-current relay, distance relay and pilot relay[1]. Current and distance relays do not need communication channel but can not operate...
This paper briefly explains information system which we made for “Elektrodistribucija” Kraljevo. Old information system contains accounting; billing system, part of technical information system. Our new information system (in next text Digi TIS) is 21st-century Windows-oriented software package for performing all technical tasks in distribution utilities in an efficient and optimal way. This modern...
An increasing number of wind turbines are being incorporated into electrical networks. In some countries they are becoming a key part of the distribution network & as such affect the overall system performance & reliability [1]. The configuration, technology & size of wind turbines have been changing rapidly over the last few years & larger turbines, >=3D2MW, incorporating this...
This paper investigates travelling wave based protection schemes developed for high voltage transmission systems and their adaptation to medium voltage distribution networks in order to enable ultra high speed relaying (within a quarter of a cycle of the power frequency) on a medium voltage level. After different travelling wave algorithms are evaluated using simple test systems, they are applied...
The Western Balkan (WB) countries have been analyzed in terms of potential distributed generation development in the context of the climate change initiatives and development of the Regional Energy Market (REM). The analysis focused on the potentials for participation in projects of the Kyoto Protocol (KP) mechanisms and the complimentary trading of renewable energy and energy efficiency certificates...
Knowledge about bus voltage and power losses in primary distribution feeders is important to system planning and operation. However, to obtain this information is not a simple task because there are a few measurements just ever. Many times, measurements are only taken in the substation exit or in the beginning of feeders. Usually, one applies a load flow program to calculate bus voltages and power...
Power Market, in the prospect of the EU Romanian integration, involves the eligibility of all customers. As such Power Distribution Companies must be preoccupied to achieve an optimal ratio quality/price regarding the electric power provided.
This paper reports the control centres renewal project, that Iberdrola Distribution has undertaken with the company Siemens. Three out of six systems are already in operation and the rest are scheduled for 2005. Project highlights are: the concentration of systems carried out, the unified operator's interface, the renewal of the communications in the field, the advance functionality introduced for...
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