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The patterning the contact holes by photolithography process, in this case polysilicon contacts, is the process to produce electrical connection between metal layer and polysilicon gates or metal layer and source/drain. The photolithography process can control size and shape of the contact hole patterns on photoresist before permanently patterned by etching process and then metallization. The contact...
Research on a new compact BJT PTAT temperature sensor structure has been reported. The zener junction-connected BJT transistor and Base-Emitter voltage of transistor can be temperature dependent. The performance of new compact PTAT circuit can be improved by using difference in thermal characteristics between p-n and zener junction. DeltaV/DeltaT can be further increased by connecting p-n and zener...
This paper presents a method to measure the characteristic impedances and propagation constant of bi-characteristic-impedance transmission lines (BCITLs). The derived expressions for determining the BCITL parameters via measurements are provided. An example of BCITLs is given for both passive (Re{Z0plusmn} ges 0) and active characteristic impedances (Re{Z0plusmn} < 0), where Z0plusmn are the...
This paper presents wideband dual mode microstrip bandpass filters using a square ring resonator structure with a novel perturbation by notch rectangular slot. A rectangular slot shape perturbation is excited to degenerate a dual mode, which is made the two reject bands on each side of passband, resulting in high sharp cutoff frequency and low insertion loss. The proposed filters have been designed...
The localization using the received signal strength (RSS) of radio frequency (RF) waves in wireless sensor networks (WSN) has received a great deal of attention in many recent literatures since it does not require additional equipments. However, the RSS is known to be highly fluctuated due to multipath and fading in wireless communication channels. As a result, we introduce the use of a switched-beam...
This paper proposes an experimental design of an asymmetric Y-shaped slit loaded microstrip antenna (MSA) which can yield wider bandwidth in dual-band applications in wireless communication. The antenna consists of a rectangular patch with four asymmetric Y-shaped slits at the patch corners and a double thickness of FR4 substrate. The experimental results show that the bandwidths are increased up...
The purpose of this research is to use the fuzzy PD control technique in order to achieve automatic control for a packed-bed reactor in the solid-state fermentation. The lump mathematical model of Koji process is employed in the development of the fuzzy PD controller. Koji process is done by fermenting 4 kilograms of wet soybeans with 200 grams of rice flour and 6 grams of Aspergillus oryzae in 40-litre...
This paper presents a CMOS transconductor linearization by connecting square-rooter to a source couple pair circuit. A novel square-rooting circuit is proposed for low voltage operation. The proposed transconductance circuit is compact and consumes lower quiescent power, compared with the existing transconductors using the same realization technique. The circuit performances verification by PSPICE...
A new circuit structure which improves performance of a pulse width modulator is proposed in this paper. The proposed PWM circuit is based on a phase locked loop (PLL) system where the input signal is fed to combine with the output of a phase detector (PD) which can achieve a high accuracy PWM output. In addition, we also use R-S flip-flop and monostable circuit as a phase detector which gives rise...
This paper presents a novel approach to compacting a test response for a multiple scan chains design. The compactor design is based on extended an (n+1, k) BCH code, where k is the number of information bits and n+1 is the number of bits in the block. It can detect any odd number of single-bit errors and up to 2 t single-bit errors, where t is a positive integer, n-k les mt, and n+1 = 2m. Also we...
In this work, we develop a portable polymerease chain reaction (PCR) device with thermoelectric cooling for fast PCR thermocycling process. The PCR system utilizes 60 W commercial thermoelectric modules (model Tianjin TEC1-12710), which allows fast heating and rapid cooling in the PCR temperature cycles. In addition, PID temperature control has been designed using microcontroller with computer interface...
A wide linear tunable range transconductor based on CMOS technology is proposed in this paper. The realization technique is achieved by squaring the transconductance gain (gm) of the CMOS OTA. Its gm can be linearly tuned by an external bias current for more than 3 decades (2 uA-3 mA), with less than 2% nonlinearity for the input-voltage linear range of about 1 Vp. The usefulness of the proposed linear...
Control unit is the most important portion of CPU. The control unit design must include logic for sequencing through micro-operations, for executing micro-operations, for interpreting opcodes and making decisions based on ALU flags. The implementation of control unit has been used with a wide variety of techniques such as; hardwired implementation and microprogrammed implementation. In hardwired control,...
A ubiquitous processor, HCgorilla followed Java CPU for multimedia processing and was built in RNG (random number generators) for cipher processing. Then, HCgorilla had an execution stage composed of several units for those sophisticated processing. Since the execution stage kept physical separation, each function took different latency. This required instruction scheduling similarly to regular super...
This paper describes a computer-aided system for analyzing stained breast cancer cell images. The procedure for the analysis approach is composed of three steps. First, the cancer cells in the microscopic image are segmented based on neural network and mathematical morphology. Next, the features consisting of average values of L*; a*, b*, area and circularity ratio of each cell are extracted. Finally,...
A zeta converter is a fourth-order DC-DC converter made up of two inductors and two capacitors and capable of operating in either step-up or step-down mode. Compared with a Cuk or Sepic converters, the zeta converter has received the least attention and its dynamic properties have never been reported before in the literature. This paper presents dynamic modeling of a zeta converter with state-space...
In this paper, feedback control design of Zero-Voltage-Switched Quasi-Resonant dc-dc converters is presented. The power stage model is derived by a method of circuit averaging, while the control stage model, consisting of an Error Amplifier (EA) and Voltage Control Oscillator (VCO), determined by the input/output relationship of the circuits. The obtained models are used in feedback control design...
This paper presents the study of bilateral transactions in electricity markets in aspects of optimal dispatch, system flow and transmission pricing using optimal power flow. The paper also introduces the evaluation of transmission pricing for all market participants by using nodal prices. Transmission costs, generator revenues and load expenditures in both bilateral and nonbilateral cases are calculated...
DSTATCOM can compensate voltage sags by injecting the reactive power into the distribution system; however, the false compensation due to the interaction with system could occur. In this paper, the design considerations of DSTATCOM for voltage sag compensation have been studied. The voltage sag compensation performance with different current injection schemes is briefly explained and the interaction...
A reconfiguration technique for cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter drives (CMID) is proposed in this paper. The reliability of the CMID can be improved by using the proposed reconfiguration technique. The proposed technique is very simple to implement because the proposed technique is based on digital logic gate; a simple AND gate and OR gate can be implemented for this reconfiguration method....
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