The Infona portal uses cookies, i.e. strings of text saved by a browser on the user's device. The portal can access those files and use them to remember the user's data, such as their chosen settings (screen view, interface language, etc.), or their login data. By using the Infona portal the user accepts automatic saving and using this information for portal operation purposes. More information on the subject can be found in the Privacy Policy and Terms of Service. By closing this window the user confirms that they have read the information on cookie usage, and they accept the privacy policy and the way cookies are used by the portal. You can change the cookie settings in your browser.
Sealed maintenance-free nickel-cadmium batteries are now in production and in use on many air-frames. Life is predicted to be as long as 20 years in some applications. The efficiency of the batteries at different temperatures must be known in order to design proper charge algorithms and to determine suitability and capability. The cyclic charge efficiency of sealed batteries at various charge rates...
The author describes how the Advanced Lead Acid Battery Consortium (ALABC) has initiated three state-of-the-art assessment research projects to provide detailed background information to the ALABC research programs and to provide a literature resource for the lead acid battery industry. The research teams will examine the technical literature, patent literature, research work with limited distribution,...
The Ni-Cd battery has been the battery of choice for aircraft use for several decades. There has been an ever increasing demand for a higher reliability, maintenance-free aircraft battery. The Ni-Cd battery industry responded with several new battery designs supporting low or no maintenance. In this paper, the design, charging, and operating trade-offs between a high pressure sealed cell battery,...
Under a contract funded by the Advanced Lead Acid Battery Consortium (ALABC), the author was given the task of developing an advanced monitoring and control technology (MACT) to manage lead acid batteries used in electric vehicles. Using the latest semiconductor technology, his goal is to develop a battery management system that focuses on maximizing the discharge and recharge efficiency of an operating...
Two lithium-thionyl chloride submodules from different manufacturers were studied during discharge. Each submodule consisted of three 10000 Amp-hr cells. A number of parameters were measured during the discharge. Those parameters monitored were current, voltage, pressure, gas composition, external displacement and external temperature. All measurements except gas composition were accomplished by use...
A new approach to the design of lead acid batteries has been developed based on the use of very thin lead foil current collectors. The basic cell construction and the performance characteristics for the new cell are described. Spiral wrap cells based on this electrode concept exhibit extremely high power output with excellent capacity maintenance. Additionally, these cells exhibit very flat voltage...
A major transition is underway in the US Air Force to convert from conventional vented-cell to sealed-cell aircraft batteries. This new generation of aircraft batteries is based on starved-electrolyte, gas-recombinant technology, resulting in both high reliability and maintenance-free operation. Sealed lead-acid (SLA) and sealed nickel-cadmium (SNC) batteries both have been developed and qualified...
Reliability of battery powered equipment is only as good as the reliability of the power source itself. One way to ensure the reliability of a nickel/cadmium power source is to periodically test the battery under given load conditions and study the reaction. After loading the battery for a specified period of time, a pass or fail determination can be made by comparing the loaded voltage of the battery...
The Advanced Lead-Acid Battery Consortium/spl minus/the ALABC/spl minus/was formed in March of 1992; its charter was based upon a 4-year/$19.3 million research plan that was intended to optimize lead-acid technology for electric vehicle (EV) applications. It is an organization primarily funded by the lead producers world-wide, but one whose research program is largely driven by the battery company...
The recent scientific literature on fast charging of lead-acid batteries is reviewed, with emphasis on heat considerations and electric vehicle applications. The charge control characteristics of a particular charger, which compensates for ohmic voltage losses, is compared to conventional constant voltage charging. The discussion is illustrated by experimental results obtained with flooded and starved...
Mobile electric power (MEP) requirements for the US Army range from one kW to 750 kW. Gasoline fuelled sets, once plentiful at lower ratings, are being phased out. The Department of Defense's (DOD) policy is that all generator sets shall utilize logistic JP-8 or diesel fuel. If a fuel cell is considered for MEP, operation on these fuels is a must. Considerable past work on logistic fuel processors...
Summary form only given as follows. Six 48-Ah individual pressure vessel (IPV) Ni/H/sub 2/ cells containing 26 and 31% KOH electrolytes have been on a low earth orbit (LEO) cycle life test. Three cells containing 31% KOH have failed after an average of 6400 cycles while the other three with 26% KOH have cycled for an average of 19500 cycles. The authors have carried out post-cycle characterization...
Since 1985 zinc-flow-batteries have been used to power electric-vehicles (EVs) in capacities between 5 kWh and 45 kWh at voltages between 48 V and 216 V. About 50000 kms of testing experience, partially in direct comparison with originally assembled lead acid batteries, showed results with zinc-flow battery equipped EVs which were significantly better than was expected. Referring to about the same...
Eagle-Picher Ind. Inc. (EPI) began production of Ni-H/sub 2/ and Ni-Cd cells for Hughes Aircraft Co. (HAC) and other users in 1988. The cells use electrochemically-deposited (ED) positive plates that are produced through a process that is unique to EPI and HAC. Since that time EPI has delivered over 1,200 Ni-H/sub 2/ cells providing battery systems for 23 active satellites. EPI has produced over 1,400...
Who will buy the electric vehicles that the California Air Resources Board's Zero Emission Vehicle Program has mandated to be offered for sale and why? Who will build these vehicles and why? Fundamental rethinking of electric vehicle commercialization is the key to answering these questions. That is, when and how do we reach full commercialization of electric vehicles? A market for a product reaches...
Summary form only given as follows. Development of fuel cell power plants for utility applications has been the major thrust of this technology over the years. Phosphoric acid fuel cell power plants have been the first to be placed in field demonstrations and to be offered as commercial products. Molten carbonate and solid oxide fuel cell power plants have been under development and are approaching...
The attempt to establish a reliable analysis for Ni(III) in nickel plates obtained during destructive physical analysis (DPA) from both nickel-cadmium and nickel-hydrogen cells has continued. The standard analysis utilizing ground plate material from the positive plates often gives unexpectedly low or even negative results for plates from discharged cells. In a previous paper an alternative procedure...
Industrial battery market segments are generally fall into two major categories/spl minus/traction batteries, also called motive power batteries, and stationary batteries, also referred to as standby power batteries. The author briefly discusses the major subcategories of these two market segments. he author then discusses various aspects of the markets for these batteries including: trends in US...
Improvements in performance and reliability continue to be made in the traditional primary and secondary systems such as C-Zn, alkaline MnO/sub 2/, Zn-air, Li-I, and sealed Ni-Cd and lead acid. In addition, two new secondary systems, Ni-metal hydride and lithium ion, have been introduced. They are growing rapidly in response to environmental concerns and the need for more energy density. Two new rechargeable...
Small sealed nickel-cadmium cells have been applied in several military applications since their development during the late 1960s and early 1970s. Some of the applications included are man portable, communications, lighting, navigation, computers, and telemetry. Cell performance and reliability has varied over the last fifteen years. This paper will compare cell performance during the late 1970s...
Set the date range to filter the displayed results. You can set a starting date, ending date or both. You can enter the dates manually or choose them from the calendar.