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The purpose of this article is to present the competitiveness of Stock Exchanges in Europe
with respect to Lisbon Agenda which outline a development plan for European Union.
By means of stock exchange capitalization, number of listed companies and turnover, paper
offers four stock markets which are regarded as the most competitive in Europe: These are:
London Stock Exchange, Euronext, Deutsche...
The purpose of this article is to describe the role of the institutional framework for use of
officially supported export credits by Kreditanstalt für Wiederaufbau (KfW) Bankengruppe. The
German government provides export - financing assistance for banks and exporters through
several private and public institutions. Federal Government export credit financing schemes are
a crucial instrument for...
The article tackles the problem of requiring capital on the international financial market.
In the first, theoretical part there are pointed out the methods of issuing the international securities
as well as the world literature concerning the motives of international listings. The second part of the articlc presents the research of the author considering the factors encouraging
the companies to...
The article depicts the role of European Union in the world economy in the light of globalization
processes. It diagnoses many facets of the poor competitiveness of the integrated Europe
such as economic performance, labour productivity as well as R&D input and output. It also
shows some structural shortages of the EU economy, e.g. the European social model and the
way to overcome them in...
The European Union banking sector lias been intensively changing for some years. One of
the most important processes which affects its shape is with no doubt consolidation. The consolidation
is a result of two different events: globalization of financial markets and deepening the
EU integration, specially building the Economic and Monetary Union and the common financial
market within the EU. As...
Celem artykułu jest pokazanie stosowanych i proponowanych sposobów rozwiązania
problemu cen transferowych w transakcjach transgranicznych przedsiębiorstw
w Unii Europejskiej.
This paper examines effectiveness of exchange rate interventions carried by Czech, Hungary
and Poland. The paper analyzes tactics of interventions and monetary policies carried by
central banks during the interventions. I examine ex post influence of interventions on managing
exchange rate and exchange rate volatility. Czech, Hungary and Poland are to join ERM II to
stabilize exchange rates before...
The article presents the principles of functioning of the uniform European Union's market,
European Union's policy regarding small and medium enterprises and Union's forms of support
for the SME sector.
Within the last decade an increasing amount of attention has focused on the relationship between
international migration, brain drain, and economic growth. Since education has often been
cited as a major determinant of long-term economic growth, conventional wisdom has typically
argued that the international migration of people endowed with a high level of human capital -
the so-called "brain...
The process of economic development is connected with systematic structural change in
most countries. The service sector expansion is a next evolution stage of economies. As per
capita income rises, the primary sector (agriculture) loses in importance, while the manufacturing
industry dominates, but after period of time is eventually surpassed by the constantly growing
service sector.
In this...
The purpose of this paper is to emphasize the role of accession polish zloty to ERM II. The
paper provides the analysis of costs and benefits of participation zloty in exchange - rate mechanism.
The Author investigate euro central rate and compulsory intervention for zloty period
2005-2007.
The aim of this article is to analyze investment fund market in Luxembourg in respect of
legal, regulatory and quantitative aspects and identify reasons of its expansion in last years.
Luxembourg in nowadays largest investment fund market in Europe - net asset value invested in
almost 10 000 undertakings for collective investment - UCIs (including sub-funds of umbrella funds) registered in Grand-Duchy...
The European Union treaty does not set up full direct taxes’ harmonization unlike indirect
taxes. According to EU tax policy each country member can set up its own tax regulations in
result all particular tax systems differ from each other in this case. The country members set up
different rules for settlement tax base, different tax rates and different regulations of tax reductions.
So many different...
The purpose of this article is to present the Swiss Banking System. Banking in Switzerland
is characterized by stability, privacy, protection of client’s assets and information. One-third of
all fund held outside their country of origin (offshore funds) are kept in Switzerland.
In the most developing and transforming countries, the crucial constraint on the growth rate
income and growth of demand, is the current balance of payments and the inability to finance
a current account deficit because of low capital accumulation. Export growth relaxes a constraint
on current account and allows all other components of demand (consumption, investment and
budget expenditure) to...
European Commission recommends two ways of measuring structural funds employment
effects: a bottom up and top-down approach. The first approach is to evaluate direct structural
funds employment effects using monitoring data on projects, the second uses macroeconomic
data and has more general results. We use top-down techniques, particularly LFS (in Poland
BAEL) database. Using this data we measured...
International production is not a new phenomenon. Nevertheless, growth and alteration it
has been gone recently play bigger and bigger role in the world economy. International production
deepens economic integration process of countries and makes interaction between them
more complex. Changes in strategic orientation of transnational corporation in functional and
geographical scope of international...
The ongoing globalisation and liberalisation of the international markets, including transport
ones, enhance the competition and accelerate vertical and horizontal integration in the global
scale. Those processes affecting directly the world industry and trade concern also maritime
transport and seaports. Due to this, the seaports are getting gradually an integral part of the
vertically integrating...
The Bilateral relationship between Australia and the European Union is one of the great importance,
particularly in the trade terms. The both parties share a common heritage and common
values. At the formal level these relations are governed by the 1997 Joint Declaration on Relations
between the European Union and Australia and the 2002 Agenda for Cooperation. In 2006,
the EU remained Australia’s...
Integration of European countries has begun since, in 1949, Council of Europe was brought
to life, next, there was brought into existence the European Coal and Steel Community which
was to supervise the extraction industry and steel industry of Western Europe. During following
years there was set up European Community of Atomic Power and European Community which
essential purpose was to tighten...
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