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Background: Apoptosis of hepatocytes has been reported to be involved in liver failure complicated with systemic manifestations such as endotoxemia. We hypothesized that hepatocyte apoptosis occurs in severe acute pancreatitis. Methods: Induction of apoptosis was evaluated in the liver from rats with necrotizing pancreatitis. Apoptosis-inducing activity of the pancreatitis-associated ascitic fluid...
Background: Radiopharmaceutical agents appear to improve the accuracy of sentinel node (SN) identification in patients with early-stage melanoma, but the optimal radiopharmaceutical agent and its timing from injection to surgery remain controversial. We undertook this investigation to examine the utility of 3 methods of intraoperative lymphatic mapping with radiopharmaceutical-directed sentinel lymphadenectomy...
Background: It is known that factors other than thyroid-stimulating hormone, such as insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and epidermal growth factor, have a goitrogenic effect. It has been established that insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins (IGFBPs) may play a role as autocrine/paracrine factors in regulating the local actions of IGFs. Both an inhibitory and a stimulatory effect for different...
Background: An ideal reinforcing neo-sphincter should be innervated by the pudendal nerve to work in coordination with the external anal sphincter. The aim of this study was to create a skeletal muscle innervated by the pudendal nerve without inducing external anal sphincter morbidity. Methods: Seven dogs were used. On the right side of each dog, the distal end of the transected nerve innervating...
Background: This study compares the effects of carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum versus laparotomy on cellular-mediated immune response in a murine model. Methods: Sixty-eight female C3H/He mice were sensitized to keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) and to a mouse mammary carcinoma cell line (MC2) before surgery. Animals were randomized into 4 groups: group I , anesthesia (control); group II, pneumoperitoneum...
Background: Given the pressures that exist today to modify surgical training programs, this study was undertaken to ascertain the opinions of surgical intern applicants and fellowship program directors with regard to the length of surgical training. Methods: Surveys were sent to fourth-year medical students who were applying for categorical surgical training during a 2-year period at a single university...
Background: Cigarette smoking is implicated in atherosclerotic plaque formation, but the role of nicotine in this process is not completely understood. The release of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) by the bovine aortic smooth muscle cell (SMC) after nicotine administration at a concentration similar to that ingested by active and passive smokers and the role of PDGF in SMC cytoskeletal modification...
Background: The 21-aminosteroid (U-74389G) is a nonglucocorticoid steroid that was synthesized to inhibit lipid peroxidation without the glucocorticoid activity. We recently demonstrated that the 21-aminosteroid administered to endotoxin shock mice reduces liver injury and improves the survival rate of mice through inhibition of nuclear factor-κB activation in the liver. The study was undertaken to...
Background: It is important to clarify the clinicopathologic characteristics of micrometastasis in lymph nodes and microinvasion in primary lesions for the treatment options with regard to submucosal gastric cancer. Methods: We examined 1945 lymph nodes and 68 primary tumors resected from 79 patients with submucosal gastric cancer. Two consecutive sections were prepared for simultaneous staining with...
Background: FTY720 (FTY) exerts its effects through a reduction of peripheral lymphocytes. This unique mechanism allows for a possible combination effect with other immunosuppressants. We investigated therapy with FTY combined with tacrolimus (FK) in rat liver transplantation. Methods: Different doses of FK, FTY, or both were orally administered to the recipients for 15 days. Expression of cytokine...
Background: Sentinel node (SN) biopsy can be used to select patients with primary melanoma for therapeutic lymphadenectomy. The aim of the study was to assess the efficacy of 3 methods to locate the SN: preoperative dynamic lymphoscintigraphy, intraoperative patent blue dye (PBD), and gamma-detecting probe (GDP). Methods: We studied 133 patients with cutaneous melanoma and clinically negative lymph...
Background: Platelet aggregation is modulated by blood flow. We investigated whether platelet function is altered during percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty in patients with atherosclerosis obliterans. Methods: Blood samples were obtained from the iliac artery in 9 lower limbs of 7 patients undergoing percutaneous balloon angioplasty of the iliac artery. An agonists-induced platelet aggregation...
Background: We examined the prevalence, patterns, and clinical significance of nodal micrometastases in patients with esophageal cancer. Methods: Cervical, mediastinal, and abdominal lymph nodes systematically removed from 37 patients without conventional histologic evidence of lymph node metastasis from esophageal squamous cell carcinoma were immunohistochemically examined to detect cells that were...
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