The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors (CVDRFs) and the degree of control in a Spanish population of patients with type 1 diabetes (DM1) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) as well as the changes observed in this setting over 8 years.Patients with DM1 and ESRD were evaluated from 1999 to 2006. Clinical variables, smoking habit, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA 1c ) and lipids values, and drug treatment were evaluated. The cohort was divided into four biannual groups for analysis. HbA 1c >7, LDL >100 mg/dl, blood pressure (BP) >140/90 mmHg, and tobacco use were considered as CVDRFs.A total of 177 patients (65% male) with a mean age of 37.2±6.2 years were studied. They had 24.3±5.9 years of diabetes evolution. Mean HbA 1c was 7.9±1.5% with 29.6% of patients having values less than 7%. Mean LDL was 109.3±40.4 mg/dl and 41.1% were below 100 mg/dl. Over the years these proportions increased significantly (P=.028 and .0015, respectively). Mean systolic and diastolic BP were 142.5±22.9 and 82.2±14.9 mmHg, respectively, with 53.8% of patients having BP <140/90 mmHg with no changes over the years (P=.11). The proportion of never smokers was 51.5%, reaching 65.5% in the last biannual period (P=.01). In the whole cohort, 89.3% had one or more CVDRFs. There was a statistically significant trend to a reduction in the number of CVDRFs over time (r=−.208, P=.005).CVDRFs are highly prevalent in patients with DM1 and ESRD. The control of these CVDRFs is still insufficient; however, there has been a clear improvement in the control over the years.