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To investigate whether clinical and laboratory characteristics, including serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH) D), PTH and parameters of mineral and bone metabolism, differ by hip fracture (HF) type.We studied prospectively 761 consecutively admitted older patients (mean age 82.3+8.8(SD) years; 74.9% women) with low trauma non-pathological HF. A detailed clinical examination was performed, haematologic,...
Energy-dependent intestinal calcium absorption is important for the maintenance of calcium and bone homeostasis, especially when dietary calcium supply is restricted. The active form of vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 [1,25(OH) 2 D 3 ], is a crucial regulator of this process and increases the expression of the transient receptor potential vanilloid 6 (Trpv6) calcium channel...
To investigate bone mineral density (BMD) profiles, osteoporosis prevalence and risk factors in a community-based cohort in Korea.The present study is a cross-sectional study. The study population consisted of 1,547 men and 1991 women aged 40years and older with BMD measurements using central dual energy X-ray absorptiometry from a prospective community-based cohort. The data were compared with other...
The purpose of these analyses was to explore whether physical activity score, leg power or grip strength were associated with tibia and radius estimates of bone strength, cortical density, or total bone area. Peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) was used to compare tibial and radial bone volumetric density (vBMD, mg/cm 3 ), total (ToA, mm 2 ) and cortical (CoA, mm ...
Compromised angiogenesis appears to be a major limitation in various suboptimal bone healing situations. Appropriate mechanical stimuli support blood vessel formation in vivo and improve healing outcomes. However, the mechanisms responsible for this association are unclear. To address this question, the paracrine angiogenic potential of early human fracture haematoma and its responsiveness to mechanical...
Atypical fractures of the femur below the lesser trochanter have been reported in patients treated with bisphosphonates. We performed a systematic literature search of case/case series studies to better define the clinical presentation and to identify characteristics that may predispose patients to such fractures. We considered only women treated with a bisphosphonate at a dosing regimen used for...
Adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a regulator of energy homeostasis, has a central role in mediating the appetite-modulating and metabolic effects of many hormones and antidiabetic drugs metformin and glitazones. The objective of this study was to determine if AMPK can be activated in osteoblasts by known AMPK modulators and if AMPK activity is involved in osteoblast function...
Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) is a potent regulator of Pi and 1,25-(OH) 2 D homeostasis. Early postpartum infants show intriguing changes in serum levels of Ca, Pi, PTH and 1,25-(OH) 2 D. However, the role of FGF23 in the early neonatal mineral metabolism has not been clarified. In order to evaluate the significance of FGF23 during the early postpartum period, we examined the...
It is unclear whether the relationship between 25-OHD and PTH is modulated by age or gender.To assess the 25-OHD–PTH relationship in 340 adolescents (10–17years) and 443 elderly (65–85years) of the same ethnic group, and living in the same sunny country.Calcium intake was estimated. Serum calcium, phosphorus, 25-OHD and PTH were measured. Body fat was determined by DXA.25-OHD levels were lower in...
Alendronate, an anti-remodeling agent, is commonly used to treat patients suffering from osteoporosis by increasing bone mineral density. Though fracture risk is lowered, an increase in microdamage accumulation has been documented in patients receiving alendronate, leading to questions about the potentially detrimental effects of remodeling suppression on the local tissue (material) properties. In...
Bone geometry plays a prominent role in bone strength. Cross-sectional studies have shown that advancing age is associated with increasing diameter of long bones, related to both periostal apposition and endosteal resorption. However, there are few data provided by prospective studies, especially concerning the changes in vertebral body dimensions. The objective of this prospective study was to measure...
Solute transport through bone plays an important role in tissue metabolism and cellular mechanotransduction. Due to limited diffusion within the mineralized bone matrix, both mechanical loading and vascular pressure have been proposed to drive interstitial fluid flow within the lacunar–canalicular system (LCS); thereby augmenting solute diffusion in bone. Although blood supply is critical for bone...
Bioactive glass (BAG)-S53P4 is an osteoconductive bone substitute with proven antibacterial and bone bonding properties. In a multicentre study 11 patients with verified chronic osteomyelitis in the lower extremity and the spine were treated with BAG-S53P4 as a bone substitute. The cavitary bone defect and the surrounding of a spinal implant were filled with BAG-S53P4. The most common pathogen causing...
This study was aimed to investigate the effects of Parathyroid hormone (PTH) and alendronate (ALN) on stress fracture repair. Stress fractures were induced in the ulnae of female adult rats. Animals were treated daily with vehicle, PTH (40 µg/kg) or alendronate (2µg/kg), respectively. Bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) of bilateral ulnae were measured at two, four and eight...
In the skull vault, neural crest derived frontal bones have an increased healing capacity and higher expression levels of Fibroblast Growth Factor-ligands as compared to mesoderm-derived parietal bones. Thus, we asked whether Fibroblast Growth Factor-ligands are responsible for the superior healing potential of frontal bones. Parietal defects in juvenile and adult mice treated with Fibroblast Growth...
Secreted frizzled-related protein-4 (sFRP4) is a member of secreted modulators of Wnt signaling pathways and has been recognized to play important role in the pathogenesis of oncogenic osteomalacia as a potential phosphatonin. To investigate the role of sFRP4 in bone biology and phosphorus homeostasis in postnatal life, we generated transgenic mice that overexpress sFRP4 under the control of the serum...
Systemic infection and inflammation in men are associated with bone loss. Rodent studies have elucidated the pathways mediating the effects of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), activated immune cells and hormones on bone. Here we investigate the changes in biochemical parameters of bone turnover following human endotoxemia, an experimental model of self-limiting systemic infection and inflammation...
In cancellous bone testing of cored samples, side artifacts are the underestimation of the true (i.e. in situ) mechanical properties due to the severing of the trabecular network during specimen preparation. Although other researchers have suggested correction factors derived from finite element method (FEM) models, it is proposed that side effects can be minimized by increasing the specimen diameter...
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