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On a solid surface, an epitaxial monolayer may separate into phases that self-assemble into patterns on the nanoscale. The self-assembly minimizes the combined free energy of mixing, phase boundary, and elasticity. Our recent numerical simulation has revealed an intriguing mesophase transition. The surface stress is a second-rank tensor and can be anisotropic. Depending on the degree of the anisotropy,...
Nanocrystalline tetragonal zirconia samples are shown to reach toughnesses between 16 and 17 MPa.m 1/2 , provided the conventional levels of 3 mol% yttria additive are lowered to 1 or 1.5 mol%. For 1 and 1.5 mol% compositions, maximum toughness occurs just below the critical grain sizes of 90 and 110 nm, respectively-i.e. just before spontaneous transformation to the monoclinic phase...
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