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A series of Brønsted-Lewis acidic deep eutectic solvents (DESs) of C9H10O2·XZnCl2 (X from 0.5 to 3) were synthesized by simple mixing. The DESs were characterized by infrared spectroscopy, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, and thermogravimetric analysis. The desulfurization of a model oil was investigated using C9H10O2·XZnCl2 as the extraction agent and catalyst, and H2O2 as the oxidant....
The deep desulfurization of petroleum-based fuels using oxidative extraction processes has been hampered by the lack of suitable solvent systems and by the poor availability of inexpensive and efficient catalysts. As a strategy to address this limitation, the present study evaluates a number of hydrophilic and hydrophobic ionic liquids (ILs) for the oxidative extraction of dibenzothiophene (DBT) and...
A high sulfur content in Jordanian oil shale is considered one of the biggest challenges preventing its full utilization. To resolve this issue, direct limestone injection during staged combustion has been investigated for the simultaneous control of NO and SO2 emissions. Staged El-Lajjun oil shale combustion under oxyfuel conditions and conventional air-firing conditions was performed at 1200°C in...
Some non-halogen ionic liquids (1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrosulphates ([BMIM][[HSO4]), 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([BMIM][CH3COO]), 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium dibutyl phosphate ([BMIM][DBP]), 1-n-octyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrosulphates ([OMIM][HSO4]), and 1-n-octyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([OMIM][CH3COO])) were synthesized, characterized, and used as solvents for extraction...
Today there are serious regulations to reduce the sulfur content of fuel because the SOx produced during the combustion of fuel containing sulfur species make the air polluted and have dangerous environmental impacts. With the aim to replace the present volatile, flammable and toxic organic solvents or inefficient, corrosive and expensive ionic liquids (ILs), the choline chloride-glycerol (ChCl-G)...
Adsorptive desulfurization (ADS) of hydrocarbon fuels at ambient pressure over TiO2 adsorbents following an ex-situ one-time UV-treatment have been investigated in this work. Based on our previous study, TiO2 adsorbent showed high adsorptive capacity (5.63mgS/g adsorbent) when UV-treatment was applied in-situ during the adsorption step. In the current study, Ultra-violet (λ=365nm) treatment at 2.0mW/cm...
The thermodynamic analyses are focused on the determination of theoretical equilibrium concentrations of H2S, HCl and HF for La2O3, La2O2CO3 and CexOy-based sulfur compounds sorbents, on possible interferences of hydrogen halides in H2S removal in the temperature range 600–1100K and on upstream selective deep removal of HCl and HF in producer gas. Minimization of Gibbs energy for the system was used...
Activated carbons chemically treated by steam and concentrated H2SO4, were used as adsorbents for removing organic sulfur compounds from a model diesel. The modified activated carbon was characterized by N2 sorption, base titration and FTIR spectroscopy. As compared with the untreated activated carbon, the treatment by a steam at 900°C increased the mesoporous volumes from 0.248 to 0.856cm3/g and...
Coal is a major resource in Australia, both for power generation and as an export good, however its environmental impact is of significant concern. The structure of coal is inherently complex and contains many heteroatoms, which negatively affect the combustion efficiency and cause pollution. This study reveals that pretreatment of two types of Australian coal, a lignite coal and a thermal bituminous...
A series of Ce and Mn bimetal modified activated carbon were prepared by excessive impregnation method. The removal of SO2 or NO was carried out at a fixed bed reactor under a simulated flue gas. The results showed that Ce(1)-Mn/NAC exhibits excellent SO2 removal capacity at 80°C with breakthrough sulfur capacity of 113mg/g, and Ce(7)-Mn/NAC displays a good NO removal capacity and maintains 100% removal...
Deep oxidation/extraction desulfurization from liquid fuels had been done via choline functionalized polyoxometalates (POMs) [(CH3)3NCH2CH2OH]xNa5−xIMo6O24 (abbreviated as ChxNa5−xIMo6O24, x=1–5) and oxygen. By Ch5IMo6O24, organic sulfurs including dibenzothiophene (DBT), benzothiophene (BT), and 4, 6-dimethyldibenzothiophene (4, 6-DMDBT) could be oxidized with 99% conversion and 100% sulfone selectivity...
A functional [C4mimCl]CoCl2 ionic liquid was prepared by directly mixing cobalt chloride (CoCl2) with 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (C4mimCl). Oxone (KHSO5) was selected as an oxidizing agent and, together with [C4mimCl]CoCl2, formed an extraction/catalytic oxidation system for the desulfurization of fuels. Compared with the Fenton-like desulfurization systems, the oxone solid is cheaper,...
A phosphonium ionic liquid with glyceryl moiety was synthesized and used as an efficient extractant in the removal of sulfur compounds from a model liquid fuel. The effects of different parameters such as volume ratio, time, initial concentration, temperature and type of sulfur compound on the desulfurization efficiency were investigated. The reusability and the recyclability of the described ionic...
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