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Scale deposits impair production reservoirs and foul down hole, surface, and injection equipment. The effects can be rapid and dramatic. One of the most frequent scale-forming compounds in water is calcium carbonate. In a reservoir the production of brine can result in the lowering of the pressure and/or temperature. A pressure drop will decrease the solubility of CaCO3 and thus increase the saturation...
Long term storage of aviation turbine fuels often requires the use of antioxidants with many military fuel specifications mandating its addition for hydroprocessed fuels. This work examines the influence of antioxidants on aged and freshly refined aviation turbine fuels of various types, some containing antioxidant at manufacture and others not. The rate of antioxidant depletion is reported along...
Chemical Looping with Oxygen Uncoupling (CLOU) offers a potentially effective approach for converting solid carbonaceous fuels with inherent carbon dioxide capture. It utilizes oxygen carriers that allow facile and reversible exchange of their lattice oxygen with external environment under varying oxygen partial pressures. The varying and often tunable thermodynamic properties of mixed oxides of first...
A high pressure supercritical CO2 (HP-ScCO2) geochemical reactor was used to simulate CO2 sequestration into deep coal seam under around 40°C and 9.8MPa for 72h and fractal analysis were employed to study the mercury intrusion data of 4 different coal rank samples before and after the ScCO2–H2O treatment, focusing on the pore structure. It is revealed from the mercury porosimetry data that after exposure...
The hydrotreatment of different VGO feedstocks in a pilot plant is modeled using the continuous lumping approach. A model with five continuous families (paraffins, naphtenes, sulfur-containing aromatics, nitrogen-containing aromatics, and sulfur and nitrogen free aromatics) is proposed and validated in this work. The model considers the five families to be a continuous distribution. A reaction network,...
An experimental study on both spray and combustion were carried out in order to investigate the effects of gap of nozzle shroud on combustion stability and correlate the spray characteristics with some of combustion performances in a swirl-cup combustor, such as flame pattern, ignition and lean blow-out performances. The performances of ignition and lean blow-out were evaluated in a three-sector combustor...
Ni2P/silica and Ni2P/HY were prepared and for the first time tested in hydroprocessing of soybean oil. The content of Ni2P in each catalyst was about 25wt%. The experiments conducted in a trickle-bed reactor operated at conditions normally used in such processes, yielded high hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) activity of both catalysts. No apparent hydrocracking activity was recorded with Ni2P/silica while...
In the present study melting behavior of ashes from German brown coal and biomass (wheat straw) as well as from two artificial mixtures of both has been investigated. The four fuel samples were ashed at 450°C over a period of 26h. Ash fusion tests and all other measurements have been executed under reducing atmosphere, simulating gasification conditions. The ash melting and wetting properties have...
The mass burning rate and flame tilt evolution for radiation-controlled rectangular hydrocarbon pool fires with cross air flow (ranged from 0 to 3m/s) in a reduced pressure atmosphere at high altitude (altitude: 3650m, 64kPa), are experimentally studied, with rectangular acetone pools with same surface area but different aspect ratios n (n=L/W, ranged in 1–8). It is found that burning rate increases...
As the fossil fuels are depleting with time, the research work in the biofuels domain is rapidly growing. The blends of biofuel can be used as automobile fuel and the existing methods to detect the blending ratio have heavy one-time test cost, need controlled environment and require experienced operators. It is well observed that fuel mixture affects lubricating properties of the fuel and thereby...
The use of biodiesel shows innumerous advantages compared to fossil fuels, since biodiesel is a biodegradable and non-toxic fuel. Nowadays, most of the biodiesel commercialized in the world is produced by the transesterification reaction of vegetable oils with methanol and basic catalysis. Understanding the reaction kinetics and controlling its optimum progress for improving the quality of the final...
In this study, the macromolecular and nanoscale pores of different types of tectonically deformed coals were characterized by AFM. The nanostructures of coal differed in terms of the metamorphism degree, deformation degree, and deformation properties. The macromolecular grid-like structure of low-rank bituminous coal was loosely reticular, and the round or elliptical pores between chains were largely...
In this study, a numerical investigation on the radiative and convective performance of the combustion of pulverised Russian coal having higher Calorific value in a 0.5MWth combustion test facility (CTF) has been conducted for air and CO2-rich oxy-fired environment considering an IFRF Aerodynamically Air Staged Burner (AASB) configured with the furnace. This study is carried out considering a finite...
Decal transfer is an effective method for fabricating membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs), due to its low interfacial resistance and applicability for mass production. Here we introduce a modified decal method which makes it possible and convenient to achieve complete decal transferring. The composition of catalyst inks, drying process and transfer pressure are optimized in detail. During catalyst...
The promotional effect of Fe in the presence and absence of Zn was studied over Mo/HZSM-5 catalysts for the methane dehydroaromatization reaction. The reaction was conducted at 700°C, 3000scc/g/h and atmospheric pressure. Adding Fe as the only promoter increased the benzene formation rate by 35% compared to unpromoted Mo after 12h of reaction time. With Zn as the only promoter the benzene formation...
In this work, a dual-bed resin solid phase extraction (SPE) for preconcentration of Ag, Al, As and Cr prior to their inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) determination has been developed. Dowex 50W-x8 and Dowex 1-x8 packed in a column were used as metal ion sorbents. The optimization of the dual-bed SPE procedure was carried out using a two level full factorial design...
A comparative study of effect of different biodiesel–diesel blends (B5, B10, B15, B20, B25, B50 and B100) on injection, spray, combustion, performance, and emissions of a direct injection diesel engine at constant speed (1500rpm) was carried out. The penetration distance increased with increase in percentage of biodiesel in diesel due to enhanced in-line fuel pressure. The simulation results indicate...
The catalytic performance of a series of γ-Al2O3 nanocatalysts prepared by precipitation method and modified with various amounts of silica (0–15wt.%) were studied in dehydration of methanol to dimethyl ether. The nanocatalysts were characterized by TGA, ICP, BET, XRD, FE-SEM and NH3–TPD techniques. The screening and performance tests were carried out in an isothermal fixed-bed reactor at 300°C, 16atm...
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