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This paper is focused towards dimensional analysis in ESP model building, showing both the reduction in effort and more effective modeling that can result. Electrostatic precipitators (ESP) are widely used in industry today and much research has been carried out during the last decades. However, dimensional analysis is still an unsettled matter, in spite of it allows to reduce the number of parameters...
A new procedure for elemental sulphur (S el ) determination in coal and its fractions is offered. It includes exhaustive CHCl 3 extraction and subsequent quantitative analysis of the extracts by HPLC using C 18 reversed phase column. Its application gives ground to achieve better sulphur balance and to specify the changes in the organic and elemental sulphur as a result of...
The non-premixed combustion of C 1 –C 4 n-alkanes with air was investigated inside a bubbling fluidized bed of inert sand particles at intermediate temperatures: 923K⩽T B ⩽1123K. For ethane, propane and n-butane, combustion occurred mainly in the freeboard region at bed temperatures below T 1 =923K. On the other hand, complete conversion occurred within 0.2m of the...
An experimental apparatus has been developed in order to perform tests of primary fragmentation of solid fuels under severe heating conditions (up to 2200K and 12bar). Particles are laid on the strip and pyrolyzed under inert conditions, fragments are recovered and analyzed by a laser granulometer to assess the fragmentation propensity of the fuel.Experiments have been carried out at temperatures...
Perdeuterated pyridinium chloride–DMSO-d 6 is an effective solvent system for whole cell biomass dissolution and NMR characterization. Employing this solvent system, semi-quantitative 13 C– 1 H heteronuclear single quantum correlation (HSQC) spectroscopy of untreated, steam, dilute acid and lime pretreated poplar biomass samples was readily accomplished. In an effort to demonstrate...
In this reported work, a reduced chemical mechanism of surrogate diesel fuel was developed for diesel engine simulations. The aim here was to employ an appropriate reduction scheme to create a compact yet sufficiently comprehensive model which can accurately account for in-cylinder diesel combustion and soot precursor formation processes. The Combustion Engine Research Center (CERC) mechanism of Chalmers...
An experimental study was performed to examine the ashing process during straw/coal co-combustion to determine the effect of the blending ratio on ash products. A total of eleven blending samples with coal contents varying from 5wt.% to 90wt.% along with pure wheat straw and pure coal samples were tested to determine the ash fusion points, oxide contents and mineral contents. Blends with coal contents...
Potential improvement on exhaust emissions, biodegradability and the possibility to reduce dependence on fossil fuel resources has led to an increasing interest on the use of biofuels for transport application. In this work, the analysis of the spray behaviour of first and second generation biodiesel in a Euro 5, common rail transparent diesel engine has been performed. GTL, SME and RME fuels have...
The requirement of fuels with ultra low impact to the environment forces the application of specific upgrading treatments to crude oils to reduce the heteroatom content, especially for N which is more difficult to be converted. Easy and well descriptive analytical methods are required to control the nature and the amount of N-containing species in petroleum cuts. GC×GC–MSD analysis proves to be a...
Electricity generation sector of Greece, comprising the main contributor of national greenhouse gas emissions, is since 2005 subject to the dictates of National Allocation Plans (NAPs) under the European Union Emission Trading Scheme. Based on an analytical recording of the NAP 1st stage (2005–7) results, review of the numerous participating installations’ performance is first carried out, while following,...
The concentrations of minerals and trace elements in the Lokpanta oil shale from the Lower Benue Trough, Nigeria have been determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), respectively. X-ray diffraction data were evaluated using the SIROQUANT™ interactive data processing system based on Rietveld interpretation methods. A new method...
The search for alternative triglyceride sources for biodiesel production is a widely discussed issue in Brazil because of the initiation of the Brazilian biofuel program. The viability of biodiesel production from the oil of Raphia taedigera Mart., commonly known as jupati, is studied in this work. This paper presents the obtention and characterization of biodiesel from jupati using an ethylic route...
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of inorganic species in biomass, especially the alkali and alkaline earth metallic (AAEM) species (K, Na, Mg and Ca), on the yield and properties of bio-oil from the pyrolysis of biomass. A mallee wood sample from Western Australia was washed with water and a dilute acid solution to remove its AAEM species. The water-washed and acid-washed mallee...
The abilities of three ionic surfactants—sodium methylnaphthalene sulfonate (SMNS), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)—to alter the wettability of bitumen-treated glass surfaces was examined. Surface wettability was characterized by contact angles, and all measurements were carried out under alkaline conditions by having sodium carbonate (Na 2 CO 3...
The effect of particle size distribution of petroleum coke on the properties of petroleum coke–oil slurry (PCOS) from four Chinese petroleum coke samples, such as apparent viscosity, rheological behavior, static stability, were systematically investigated. The size and morphology of petroleum coke particle with different grinding time and the corresponding stabilizing mechanisms were analyzed by SEM...
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