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Hypoxia-inducible transcription factor-1α and -2α (HIF-α) proteins and regulated genes are increased in preeclamptic (PE) placentas. Although placental hypoxia likely stabilizes HIF-α proteins, we previously reported that there is also a defect in oxygen-dependent reduction of HIF-α proteins in PE relative to normal pregnant (NP) placentas that could contribute to their over-expression. After a 4-h...
In Africa, approximately 25 million pregnant women are at risk of Plasmodium falciparum infection each year, one in four has evidence of placental involvement and up to half of these may be associated with low birth weight outcomes. In infected pregnant women, the placenta is an ideal site for the accumulation of the parasites, and this reduces in extent in subsequent pregnancies. Recent data indicate...
In this study we aimed to compare the multiplanar and VOCAL (Virtual Organ Computer-aided AnaLysis) methods in the evaluation of placental volume during the first trimester of pregnancy. This was a prospective cross-sectional study involving 37 pregnant women between 7 and 10weeks of gestation. All volumetric measurements were performed by a single examiner using an endocavitary volumetric probe (3D5-8EK)...
Marinobufagenin (MBG) is an endogenous mammalian cardiotonic steroid that is involved in the inhibition of the sodium pump Na + /K + -ATPase. Increased plasma levels of MBG have been reported in patients with volume expansion-mediated hypertension and preeclampsia. We have recently demonstrated that MBG impairs both the proliferation and growth factor-induced migration of human first...
Obesity and pregnancy are associated with a combination of insulin resistance and inflammatory changes which exacerbate in combination. Based on the similarity between the inflammatory transcriptomes of adipose tissue and placenta, we hypothesized that the placenta develops exaggerated inflammation in response to obesity. The aim of this study was to characterize placental inflammatory mediators and...
Diagnostic ultrasound has been in use in clinical obstetrics for close to half-a-century. However, in the literature, examination of the placenta appears to be treated with less attention than the fetus or the pregnant uterus. This is somewhat unexpected, given the obvious major functions this organ performs during the entire pregnancy. Examination of the placenta plays a foremost role in the assessment...
In normal pregnancy, the fetal membranes become increasingly distended towards term and in multifetal gestations they become over-distended. Apoptosis of the amniotic epithelium increases with advancing gestation and may contribute to fetal membrane weakening and rupture. The effects of chronic static stretching for 36h have been investigated using primary amniotic epithelial cells. Pre-B cell colony-enhancing...
Research on intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and subsequent development of obesity, type 2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome is rapidly expanding, and potential implications for primary prevention are considerable. We have critically appraised one of the experimental animal models frequently used as mimic of human fetal growth restriction, which involves bilateral ligation of the uterine artery...
We previously investigated tissue specificity and temporal changes in expression of five human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs), including syncytin/ERVWE1 and syncytin 2. In the current study, we examined the cellular localization and quantified the transcripts of five HERVs, syncytin, syncytin 2, HERV-H7/F(XA34), HERV-Fb1, and HERV-HML6-c14, in order to elucidate their physiological and etiological...
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