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Intramontane sedimentary basins are an important landscape component for the evaluation of soil carbon stored in semiarid regions with Mediterranean climate. We determined the soil organic and inorganic carbon (SOC and SIC) stored at various depths in 81 profiles sampled specifically in one such basin (3317 km 2 ) located in Southeast Spain. Sampling reached down to 2.0-4.0 m and the samples...
To evaluate the sorption mechanism of heavy metals viz. cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in major soil types, an experiment was conducted on Vertic Ustochrept, Typic Eutrochrept, Typic Ustipsamment, Typic Haplustalf and Typic Ustorthent representing five agroecological zones (AEZ) of India. The thermodynamic parameters viz. K o , ΔG o , ΔH o and ΔS o were determined by using...
We compared Al solubility and mobility in surface soils among six tree species (sugar maple [Acer saccharum], white ash [Fraxinus americana], red maple [Acer rubrum, L.], American beech [Fagus grandifolia, Ehrh.], red oak [Quercus rubra, L.], and hemlock [Tsuga canadensis, Carr.]) in a mixed hardwood forest in northwestern Connecticut. We analyzed forest floors and mineral soils at 0-5- and 10-20-cm...
Transformation of organic amendments in soil greatly affects its physical, chemical, and biological properties. The aim of this study was to investigate changes of soil quality attributes in field plots after 3-5 years of annual paddy-upland crop rotation with various fertilizations since 1995. Other than the amendments of green manure, compost, and peat, chemical fertilizer N in the amounts of 33%...
Solid-state 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, with cross-polarisation (CP) and magic angle spinning (MAS), was used to characterize soil organic matter (SOM) in a 2-year-old exotic pine plantation of subtropical Queensland, Australia, under two contrasting harvest residue management regimes. Soil samples were collected from the 0-10 cm depth of experimental plots receiving...
This research pertains to the modelling of the kinetics of soil/lime-requirement buffer reactions. These reactions were characterised using different, though not incompatible techniques. First, using two separate log-linear functions, each with a single rate coefficient, which characterise the first-order nature of the reactions and, second, using a continuous double exponential model with two rate...
Airborne carbonaceous particles produced by industrial activity have been recorded in soils in proximity to contamination sources that produce coal dust, coke and other residues from fossil fuel combustion. The present study assesses the contribution of airborne contaminants to the refractory organic carbon pool of three soils (a sandy Albic Luvisol, sandy Orthic Luvisol and a loamy Haplic Chernozem)...
Kriging with topographic variable (β) and electrical resistivity (ρ) measurements used as external drifts was compared with universal kriging and kriging either with a topographic variable or with electrical resistivity measurements taken as external drift, to predict the depth of a limestone bedrock upper boundary (LUB) in the ''Petite Beauce'' region, southwest of the Paris Basin.Two sets of limestone...
The properties of soils may be characterized by many attributes. However, there is not a systematic procedure to objectively select the measurement parameters that may be used to assess soil quality. Following the data collection, it is often a dilemma to decide how many and which of the measured parameters should be included in the assessment as the outcomes may be influenced by the parameters included...
Water, oxygen, temperature, and mechanical resistance (MR) are soil physical properties that directly affect plant growth. In this research, the nonlimiting water range (NLWR), defined as the range of soil water content in which neither water, oxygen, nor MR is limiting for plant growth, was measured on soil samples from three field experiments. Undisturbed soil core samples were collected from an...
Soil acidification and accelerated mineral weathering as a result of N fertilization may result in a soil solution silica activity that favors the formation of short-range-order aluminosilicates, thereby sequestering Al. Furthermore, soils formed in alluviums of differing lithology may partition Al 3+ into different pools. We hypothesized that parent material silica content controls solution...
Redox status is one of the more difficult soil quality criteria to characterize especially in paddy soils. The soil system chosen in this study was an ongoing paddy field trial on alternative practices of incorporating rice straw instead of traditional burning of straw. Upon flooding, rapid changes in redox potential (Eh) occur in paddy soil due to the decomposition of soil organic matter (SOM), including...
The short-term responses of soil microbial processes and community structure to perturbation constitute one aspect of soil quality. Such responses are often associated with an increase in the emissions of greenhouse gases (i.e., CO 2 , NO, or N 2 O) and the accumulation and potential loss of nitrate by leaching. Here we describe our recent work on responses of soil carbon and nitrogen...
Observing changes in soil organic matter (SOM) is a fundamental part of defining the carbon cycle in natural and cultivated environments. However, relying on changes in the mass of soil C over short periods often produces conflicting results because of errors associated with sampling and analysis. In addition, C mass balance studies provide little interpretation of processes or turnover of specific...
One measure of forest soil quality is the ability of the soil to support tree growth. In mediterranean-type ecosystems, such as most of California's forests, there is virtually no rainfall during the summer growing season, so trees must rely on water stored within the substrate. Water is the primary limitation to productivity in these forests. Many forest soils in California are relatively thin, but...
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