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Sanitation is required for biogas plants handling slaughterhouse and food waste according to EU legislation. The standard method is pasteurization at 70 °C for 60 min, but integrated thermophilic sanitation (ITS), requiring 52 °C for 10 h in the digester, has been approved by the Swedish Board of Agriculture. This work compares pasteurization and ITS regarding heat demand and biogas production, using...
Seaweed may be a source of third generation gaseous biofuel, in the form of biomethane. The scientific literature is sparse on the relative suitability of different varieties of seaweed to produce biomethane. This paper assesses the BMP (biochemical methane potential), ultimate analysis and theoretical yields of ten species of seaweed which may be found in commercial quantities around the coastline...
Solar energy is the most abundant energy resource with the potential to become a major component of a sustainable global energy solution. However, unsteady energy flow and low energy density make it difficult to collect, convert, and store solar energy, which is why current solar power generation technologies have limited applications. This paper comprehensively studied the integration of solar thermal...
This paper presents results of semi-continuous mesophilic anaerobic digestion of waste wafer materials at high loadings. The digestion was carried out in a partially mixed horizontal fermenter. A model digestion was conducted in a way that the volume of the fermenter reached a high intensity of methane production at a low production of digestate without the addition of trace elements. For this reason,...
Thermophilic (55 °C)-mesophilic(35 °C) and hyper-thermophilic(70 °C)-mesophilic TPAD-R (temperature-phased anaerobic digestion with recycle) were conducted to compare and evaluate the operation performance to treat WAS (waste activated sludge) with the MD (conventional mesophilic anaerobic digestion). TPAD-R was based on the TPAD (temperature-phased anaerobic digestion), and introduced a recycle system...
The aim of this work was to assess the energy potential of food waste energy harvesting system (digestion followed by pyrolysis of digestate). Digestate (DFW) with increased calorific content was produced after a commercial one stage anaerobic digestion of the raw food waste (RFW). Separate pyrolysis of RFW and DFW (digestated food waste) distributed 15.7 MJ/kg and 17.2 MJ/kg respectively, among the...
The performance of the residual biomass obtained after protein extraction from the cyanobacterium Spirulina platensis as a feedstock for biomethane production via AD (anaerobic digestion), and biocrude oil production via HTL (hydrothermal liquefaction) pathways was investigated. The experimental methane yield and kinetic rate of methane production from PERB (protein extracted residual biomass) were...
Our society currently faces the twin challenges of resource reclamation from rapidly escalating KW (kitchen waste) and increasingly expensive depletion costs and restrictive disposal legislation due to environmental impacts and fast depleting global resources necessitate action. This work studied the influence of thermal hydrolysis on the utilization of KW based on the principle of split phase processing,...
The European Commission opened a discussion about limiting first generation food based biofuels in favour of advanced biofuels. The main reason was to limit the uncertainty in estimates of indirect land use change emissions (ILUC) of food based biofuels. Brown seaweeds represent a valuable solution. The lack of lignin makes them suitable for degradation processes such as anaerobic digestion (AD)....
The influence of thermal pretreatment on degradation properties of organics in kitchen waste (KW) was investigated. The kinetics results showed that thermal pretreatment could enhance the degradation efficiency of crude protein (CP), fat, oil and grease (FOG), volatile solid (VS) and volatile fatty acids (VFA). Thermal pretreatment showed no significant difference in the final concentration of protein...
The major concern of recycling anaerobic digestion (AD) effluent in the digester centers on accumulation of total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) and salinity, both of which can potentially inhibit methane production. In the current study, 30%, 50%, and 80% of separated-liquid AD effluent, were recycled in a series of batch AD experiments. The inhibitions to specific methane potential (SMP) caused by TAN and...
This paper presents a technical-economic assessment of biomethane production from vinasse in the Brazilian bioethanol industry, considering five technological routes of biogas upgrading. The technologies assessed were pressure water scrubbing, organic-physical scrubbing, amine scrubbing, membrane separation and pressure swing adsorption. The biomethane costs of the five technological routes overlapped...
In this study, nanoparticles (NPs) were hypothesized to enhance the anaerobic process and to accelerate the slurry digestion, which increases the biogas and methane production. The effects of NPs on biogas and methane production were investigated using a specially designed batch anaerobic system. For this purpose, a series of 2 L biodigesters were manufactured and implemented to study the effects...
In a typical operation of palm oil mill, oil palm residues and palm oil mill effluent (POME) would be produced. While the oil palm residues have been well harnessed as biomass fuel, regional planning of efficient POME utilisation via biogas recovery and upgrading, coupled with possible biogas compressed natural gas (bioCNG) transshipment among the palm oil mill cluster, deserves more research and...
The investigation of technical and economic feasibility of anaerobic digestion in areas characterized by heterogeneous waste production densities is a crucial problem that needs to be carefully addressed. This research proposes a simple and flexible methodology for energy, economic and environmental analysis of wet and dry processes involving organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) and sewer...
The effect of low energy-input (2.5 kJ/g total solids) microwave (MW) irradiation and ultrasonication (US) on single-stage mesophilic anaerobic digestion (AD) and temperature-phased AD (TPAD) treating wastewater sludge was assessed. The goal was to achieve a higher net energy along with improved digestate for agricultural applications. At sludge retention times (SRT) of 20 and 14 days, TPAD achieved...
There is a rapid growing interest in using biomass as an alternative source for clean and sustainable energy production. In this work, a hybrid system was developed to combine anaerobic digestion (AD) and gasification for energy recovery from yard waste and woody biomass. The feasibility of the proposed hybrid system was validated experimentally and numerically and the energy efficiency was maximized...
Anaerobic digestion is recognized as a good and promising method for energy recovery from sewage sludge, but it is difficult to select a suitable process from various conventional and emerging technical options. In this study, five processes including mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobic digestion (CAD and TAD), mesophilic and thermophilic high-solids anaerobic digestion (HSAD and THSAD) and anaerobic...
The effects of five commercially available hydrolytic enzyme additives on methane yields from dehydrated paper pulp sludge (DPPS) were determined in 5L pilot-scale reactors operated in semi-continuous mode for 60 days. Methane production was 40% and 43% higher in reactors receiving Novozymes and Novalin additives, respectively, compared to controls. Effects of time of DPPS inclusion on bacterial and...
Kinetic characteristics play an important role in anaerobic digestion system for representing biogas production performance, however, its relationship with anaerobic digestion process parameters (i. e., volatile fatty acids, total ammonia nitrogen, pH and total alkalinity) and operational conditions remains poorly understood. To illustrate the linkage of kinetic parameters with process parameters...
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