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In the present study the efficacy of recombinant plasmids DNA vaccine encoding VP2 gene of very virulent strain of infectious bursal disease virus (vvIBDV) isolated from Pakistan was investigated with or without coadministration of cytocine-phosphate-guanine oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG ODN) to protect the chickens against the disease. VP2 gene of vvIBDV was successfully amplified by reverse transcription-polymerase...
Vaccines against human papillomavirus (HPV) may soon be licensed. In contrast to most vaccine-preventable diseases, which are transmitted by air or casual contact, HPV is primarily transmitted by sexual contact. An analysis that applies ethical theories, such as utilitarianism, rule of double effect, and principlism, is needed for policy considerations. These analyses reveal that HPV vaccination can...
The objective of this study was to characterize the immune response induced by a live attenuated Salmonella Enteritidis (SE; ade − /his − ) vaccine using an intraperitoneal immunization/challenge model in susceptible wild-type and cytokine-deficient BALB/c mice. In wild-type mice, inoculation of the SE live vaccine induced a protective immune response characterized by both cellular...
We conducted a study to assess the feasibility and the potential vaccine coverage of a mass vaccination campaign using a two-dose oral cholera vaccine in an urban endemic neighbourhood of Beira, Mozambique. The campaign was conducted from December 2003 to January 2004. Overall 98,152 doses were administered, and vaccine coverage of the target population was 58.6% and 53.6% for the first and second...
In the face of an almost unprecedented threat of a global pandemic of influenza it is imperative that stockpiling of appropriate drugs and devices begin now. One vital device is an appropriate syringe for delivering vaccine. With the potential for millions to be infected and the vaccine supply severely stretched it is imperative that the syringe used to vaccinate waste as little vaccine as possible...
Adhesins are considered the most important virulence factors during early phase Staphylococcus aureus infection. The present report describes a newly fusion protein, named Cna-FnBP that was constructed by fusion of the fnb and cna genes of S. aureus and expressed in E. coli. The recombinant protein was designed to broaden the function spectrum of block binding activity to S. aureus adhesion. Vaccination...
The aim of this work was to evaluate the minimal protective dose of the inactivated vaccine against heartwater. In order to conduct a reliable vaccination trial, an in vitro quantification method of Ehrlichia ruminantium (ER) challenge doses was developed. In experimental conditions, homologous Gardel challenges with 2.1×10 4 to 9.4×10 4 live ER elementary bodies were reproducible...
To evaluate immunogenicity, reactogenicity, and safety of a hexavalent combination vaccine diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis-hepatitis B-inactivated polio virus-Haemophilus influenzae type b (DTPa-HBV-IPV/Hib) when coadministered with a 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7).Infants received either a hexavalent diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis-hepatitis B-inactivated polio virus-H...
Domain II of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), spanning amino acid residues 161–370, was covalently linked to a recently described synthetic dengue virus antigen to study the influence of the former on the immunogenicity of the latter. Using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, dengue antigen-specific antibody titers elicited by the fusion protein in Balb/c mice were...
Transcutaneous immunization presents a major challenge due to poor permeability of antigens through the skin barrier. To overcome this limitation ultradeformable lipid vesicles, the elastic liposomes, could be a better module for transcutaneous delivery of these proteinaceous antigens. In the present investigation Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-loaded elastic liposomes were utilized as a mode...
Passive transfer of a pediatric human serum pool generated against polysaccharide-protein D conjugate vaccines conferred ∼34% protection against development of ascending NTHI-induced OM when used in a chinchilla viral–bacterial co-infection model. These data are in line with results obtained using a similar 11-valent-protein D conjugate vaccine in a pediatric clinical trial, wherein a vaccine efficacy...
The efficiency of an inactivated tissue culture rabies vaccine produced on BHK-21 cells, according to an in-house developed process, was evaluated and compared to a commercial cell-tissue culture vaccine (Rabisin). Fifteen experimental dogs from local common breed were duly conditioned during a quarantine period, then vaccinated via the subcutaneous route with 1ml of either the tissue culture vaccine...
Bacterial lipoproteins are potent stimulators of innate immune responses and can mediate humoral and cytotoxic T cell responses without additional adjuvants. OprI derived from Pseudomonas aeruginosa was tested in vitro and in vivo for its adjuvant potential in the context of a classical swine fever (CSF) subunit vaccine. OprI activated porcine monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MoDC), upregulating...
According to studies from Guinea-Bissau and Senegal, live vaccines may reduce the female–male mortality ratio (MR) whereas inactivated vaccines increase this ratio. We used data from The Gambia to examine whether similar tendencies could be found in a different setting.Forty villages in the Farafenni area in rural Gambia.A population of 17,000 was followed with demographic surveillance between 1998...
Among all public health provisions national immunization programs (NIPs) are beyond doubt one of the most effective in reducing mortality, morbidity, and costs associated with major infectious diseases. To maintain their success, NIPs have to modernize in response to many new and old demands regarding efficacy, safety, availability of new vaccines, emerging and evolving pathogens, waning immunity,...
This paper reviews the current status of research and development of vaccines against meningococcal disease due to Neisseria meningitidis, a major cause of severe meningitis and septicemia with epidemic potential. While five serogroups (A, B, C, Y, and W135) are responsible for most of the disease, Group A remains unique in its ability to cause large scale epidemics mainly in Africa but also in Asia...
In a phase 1 trial, 22 children in a malaria endemic area were immunised with candidate malaria vaccination regimes. The regimes used two recombinant viral vectors, attenuated fowlpox strain FP9 and modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA). Both encoded the pre-erythrocytic malaria antigen construct ME–TRAP. Strong T cell responses were detected by both ex vivo and cultured ELISpot assays.Data from phase...
Pacific children have had consistently evidenced low rates for routine childhood immunisations. Using the Pacific Islands Families: First 2 Years of Life cohort study, we investigated the immunisation rate of Pacific infants residing in New Zealand at 24-months postpartum. Full immunisation was reported for 89% of infants, substantially increased from the 53% found in the 1992 national survey and...
The nucleoside hydrolase (NH36) of Leishmania (L.) donovani is a vital enzyme which releases purines or pyrimidines of foreign DNA to be used in the synthesis of parasite DNA. As a bivalent DNA vaccine, the VR1012-NH36 was immunoprotective against visceral and cutaneous murine leishmaniasis. In this work we tested the immunotherapy against Leishmania (L.) chagasi infection, using two doses of 100...
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