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A recombinant porcine adenovirus (rPAV) with the gp55 (E2) gene from the classical swine fever virus (CSFV) 'Weybridge' strain inserted into the right hand end of the PAV serotype 3 (PAV3) genome was constructed. Expression of gp55 was directed by the major late promoter and tri-partite leader sequences located and cloned from PAV3. No compensatory deletions of PAV DNA sequences were made. Vaccination...
Using a reverse genetics system for PIV3, we previously recovered recombinant chimeric PIV3-PIV1 virus bearing the major protective antigens of PIV1, the hemaglutinin-neuraminidase and fusion proteins, on a background of PIV3 genes bearing temperature sensitive (ts) and attenuating mutations in the L gene. Immunization of hamsters with this virus, designated rPIV3-1.cp45L, induced a high level of...
Immunization of mice with recombinant Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (rBCG) which over-produces a putative protective antigen candidate, the A component of antigen 85 complex (Ag85A), reduced the multiplication of Mycobacterium leprae in the foot pads of mice. The inhibition by this rBCG (rBCG/85A) was more evident than that with parental BCG. Repeated rBCG/85A immunization significantly...
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the primary cause of lower respiratory tract illness in young children. Vaccine development has been hampered by the experience of the formalin-inactivated vaccine tested in the 1960's. Currently, several vaccine candidates are under development and immune response to these candidate vaccines must be evaluated closely. We introduce a novel low-dose murine model...
To determine if specific levels of vaccine cost and effectiveness exist that would support eventual respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine use in the elderly, a cost-effectiveness study was conducted comparing yearly administration of a hypothetical RSV vaccine among the 65-year-old US cohort to medical management of disease. Using base case assumptions - including a vaccine effectiveness against...
Plasmid DNA encoding herpes simplex virus type-1 glycoprotein D (gD-1) was complexed with asialoorosomucoid conjugated to poly-l-lysine. Following its intravenous injection into BALB/c mice, this complex was targeted to the liver. Liver cells expressing gD-1 were detected immunohistochemically through day 6 post-immunization, while gD-1 DNA was detectable through 14 days post-immunization. Decline...
PBCC211, an aroA aroD derivative of S. typhi strain CDC10-80, was tested in phase I trials as a single dose typhoid fever vaccine. Three different vaccine preparations, reconstituted lyophilized bacteria, freshly grown bacteria or lyophilized bacteria reconstituted from sachets, were orally administered to a total of 86 adult volunteers. An aroA aroD htrA strain, PBCC222, was also tested in 38 volunteers...
Fifty-two human immunodeficiency virus type 1, seronegative Thai adults from the community were enrolled in a double-blind, placebo controlled, phase I/II trial of HIV SF2 gp120/MF59 vaccine to determine the safety and immunogenicity of this recombinant, B clade, HIV envelope protein vaccine. Twenty-six subjects were enrolled at each of two sites in Thailand, Bangkok and Chiang Mai. Twelve subjects...
In neonates, one limitation of vaccination is its inhibition by maternal antibodies. We show that piglets vaccinated intramuscularly once at birth with recombinant replication-defective adenoviruses developed comparable neutralizing antibody response against pseudorabies virus, independently of the presence or absence of maternal antibodies, and were partially protected against challenge 16 weeks...
High levels of IgG1, IgG3 and IgA2 antibodies have been observed in patients with Q fever following Coxiella burnetii infection. This IgG subclass distribution is more typical of viral and autoimmune diseases than of bacterial infections. It seemed, therefore, of interest to carry out a prospective study of the distribution of immunoglobulin subclasses after vaccination with phase I C. burnetii tricloroacetic...
We recently found that most events of anaphylaxis to live attenuated viral vaccines containing gelatin as a stabilizer might be caused by the gelatin. However, the mechanism that the children were sensitized to gelatin was unclear. In Japan, both diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis (DTaP) vaccines with and without gelatin are available. We explored the possibility that gelatin-containing DTaP vaccines...
In the present study we assessed the capacity of recombinant E. coli- or plasmid-expressed chicken interferons (IFN) and chicken IL-1β, to exert immunostimulatory activities for humoral immune responses, in day-old and adult chickens. We observed that both recombinant E. coli-expressed chicken IFN-α/β and IFN-γ facilitated the induction of a primary and also a secondary antibody response, using tetanus...
Paramyosin (PM), a myosin-like protein is a major antigen on Schistosoma japonicum (Sj). We reported that passive transfer of a monoclonal IgE SjE18 .1 which recognizes PM of Sj (SJPM), partially protected mice from challenge infection. In the present study, we developed an experimental model system of schistosomiasis japonica with domestic pigs in China and used it for the evaluation of vaccination...
Macrophages from mice immunised with whole cell pertussis vaccine (WCV) responded in vitro to selected antigens by nitric oxide (NO) synthesis. This process was closely associated with macrophage activation. Because of the postulated role of traces of pertussis toxin (PT) in the protective effects of WCV, native PT and a genetically detoxified PT (g-PT) in combination with either a heat-treated whole...
The use of adjuvants is one approach to improve influenza vaccine immunogenicity and efficacy, particularly in aged populations. The response of BALB/c mice to subcutaneously administered formalin-inactivated whole influenza virus vaccine in the presence or absence of a nonionic block copolymer adjuvant CRL1005 was evaluated. In young adult nave mice, the copolymer adjuvant significantly enhanced...
The recombinant Bm86-containing vaccine Gavac TM against the cattle tick Boophilus microplus has proved its efficacy in a number of experiments, especially when combined with acaricides in an integrated manner. However, tick isolates such as the Argentinean strain A, show low susceptibility to this vaccine. In this paper we report on the isolation of the Bm95 gene from the B. microplus...
Complex recombinant fowlpoxvirus (rFPV) vaccines expressing both HIV-1 antigens and type 1 cytokines could facilitate the induction of cellular immunity against HIV-1. A single rFPV expressing both HIV-1gag/pol and human interferon-γ (FPVgag/pol-IFNγ) was constructed and assessed as a therapeutic vaccine for safety and immunogenicity in macaques (Macaca nemestrina) previously infected with HIV-1....
A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled efficacy trial of one dose of CVD 103-HgR live oral cholera vaccine was performed in Indonesia from 1993 to 1997. 67,508 persons aged 2-41 years ingested vaccine or placebo and were followed for four years, detecting cholera cases using hospital-based surveillance. A nested reactogenicity study (538 vaccinees, 535 controls) revealed no vaccine-attributable...
Though meningococcal serogroup C conjugate vaccines have been introduced into the UK infant immunisation schedule, there is currently no vaccine solution for serogroup B disease. PorA outer membrane protein (OMP) is a potential serogroup B vaccine candidate. A hexavalent PorA outer membrane vesicle (OMV) vaccine has been evaluated in phase I and II trials with promising results. This vaccine contains...
Lactic acidosis is a gastrointestinal disorder resulting from the rapid overgrowth of lactic acid-producing bacteria when ruminants are suddenly introduced to grain feed. The present study has investigated the ability of live and killed bacterial vaccines to reduce lactic acidosis in sheep, via a stimulation of specific antibody production against lactic acid-producing bacteria. Forage-fed sheep were...
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