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CpG oligodeoxynucleotides are potent immunostimulants. In this study, CPG 7909 was formulated with the recombinant Plasmodium falciparum protein AMA1-C1 adsorbed to Alhydrogel (aluminum hydroxide) and used to immunize mice. Mice receiving free CPG 7909 in a separate same site injection to the AMA1-C1/Alhydrogel had the same antibody responses as mice receiving AMA1-C1/Alhydrogel alone. For mice immunized...
During the past decade, human rabies caused by cats has ranked the second highest in China. Several recombinant rabies vaccines have been developed for dogs. However, seldom have these vaccines been assessed or used in cats. In this trial, we report the experimental immunization of a recombinant canine adenovirus-rabies vaccine, CAV-2-E3Δ-RGP, in cats. Thirty cats were inoculated with the recombinant...
Present animal vaccines against Bacillus anthracis infection are capable of inducing protective immunity. However, due to the route of administration, the vaccine has limited or no use in wildlife especially in rural areas of the world. Hence, an oral vaccine is needed for controlling this disease. For proof of concept we used the commercially available Sterne strain 34F2 vaccine mixed with oral scarifying...
We conducted an open-label safety and immunogenicity bridging study that compared liquid and lyophilized formulations of the candidate malaria vaccine RTS,S formulated in AS02A in 34 healthy, malaria-naïve adults at WRAIR. Volunteers received two doses of either formulation on a 0, 1-month schedule. Both vaccines were well tolerated and similarly immunogenic. Nineteen of 25 subjects who received the...
One dose of serogroup C meningococcal conjugate vaccine (MCV-C) at 12 months of age is the most common immunization schedule in Canada, but immunity may wane over time.To assess the cost-effectiveness of a booster dose at 12 years of age with either MCV-C or a quadrivalent ACYW135 meningococcal conjugate vaccine (MCV-4).A simulation model for assessing both the direct and indirect effects of vaccination...
The protective capabilities of three Leishmania recombinant proteins – histone 1 (H1) and hydrophilic acylated surface protein B1 (HASPB1) immunized singly, or together as a protein cocktail vaccine with Montanide™, and the polyprotein MML immunized with MPL ® -SE adjuvant – were assessed in beagle dogs. Clinical examination of the dogs was carried out periodically under blinded conditions...
We have developed an efficient method of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) induction for Th1-cell therapy. OVA (ovalbumin)-specific Th1 clone 42-6A cells cocultured with antigen presenting cells (APCs) from spleen resulted in high levels of OVA-specific IFN-γ production by the treatment of phosphatidylserine (PS), but not phosphatidic acid (PA), liposomes-encapsulated OVA (OVA-liposomes). The IFN-γ production...
The aim of this paper is to determine the trend in influenza vaccine coverage among community dwelling adults in South Australia aged 65 years and over and compare this prevalence with national and international influenza vaccine coverage. Immunisation prevalence has been measured in South Australia (SA) since 1993 using face to face surveys and Computer Assisted Telephone Interviewing (CATI). There...
Epidemic influenza occurs annually throughout the world and is accompanied by excess morbidity and mortality. Increasing the antigen content and topical administration of vaccine are two strategies being explored to improve the immune responses to trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (TIV). We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to compare the immunogenicity and reactogenicity...
Primary antibody deficiencies are characterized by decreased serum levels of immunoglobulin isotypes and increased susceptibility to infection by various microorganisms including encapsulated bacteria. This study was performed in order to evaluate bactericidal antibody response of these patients to polysaccharide meningococcal vaccine. Twenty-four antibody deficient children of mean age 11.2±3.5 years,...
Despite a history of hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination prior to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), most of HIV-infected children do not have protective antibody to HBV infection. The efficacy of an additional booster dose in children with immune recovery on HAART remains unknown. This study was conducted to determine the response rate of HBV antibody after re-vaccination in HIV-infected...
Three hundred and nineteen adolescents aged 10–12 years who had been previously vaccinated with five doses of acellular pertussis-containing vaccines received single doses of Tdap (reduced-antigen-content tetanus, diphtheria, acellular pertussis) and hepatitis A vaccines in a double-blind crossover trial. Long-term antibody persistence following vaccination with Tdap at pre-school age was similar...
The aim of the study was to assess the incidence and severity of local reactions and systemic events among 4-year-old children receiving a fifth dose of diphtheria-tetanus-inactivated poliovirus (dT-IPV) and acellular pertussis (aP) vaccines. Of 810 children, 483 had no adverse events following immunization. Of the reported local reactions of 281 children, pain was the most frequent (n=246). Eighty-one...
A safe and effective vaccine against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is still unavailable. Proteosome-based adjuvants are derived from the outer membrane proteins (OMP) of Neisseria species and are potent inducers of both mucosal and systemic immunity in humans and animals. Candidate RSV subunit vaccines comprising enriched RSV proteins (eRSV) formulated with proteosomes alone or with LPS (Protollin)...
Clinical trials have shown prophylactic human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines to be effective against infection and disease. We examined whether HPV vaccination has the potential to be cost-effective.A cohort model of the natural history of HPV was developed, which fits simultaneously Canadian age and type-specific data for infection, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, cervical cancer (CC) and genital...
The World Health Organization (WHO) publishes technical guidance on the quality, safety and efficacy of vaccines intended to assist national regulatory authorities and manufacturers. As part of its programme, WHO convened an informal consultation to initiate revision of the WHO recommendations on the production and control of inactivated Japanese encephalitis (JE) vaccines for human use, at its headquarters...
Using the data from Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System, we present 54 reports of Guillain–Barre Syndrome (GBS) after vaccination that occurred in United States in 2004. In 38 of the patients, GBS occurred within 6 weeks. The highest number (n=31) of GBS was observed in patients receiving influenza vaccine followed by hepatitis vaccine (n=9), 1 patient died and 10 patients were disabled following...
The aim of this study was to investigate the adjuvant properties of oral-administered Gantrez ® AN nanoparticles with ovalbumin (as allergen model) and, in some cases, lipopolysaccharide of Brucella ovis as immunomodulator. For this purpose, BALB/c mice were administered by oral gavage with OVA nanoparticles and both Th1 and Th2 markers (IgG2a and IgG1, respectively) were enhanced. On the...
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