This report, written immediately after the Kyoto conference, is an insider's assessment from three perspectives: first, a summary of the main achievements of the conference in organizational and policy terms; second, a more detailed look at the main output - the strategic plan - and at the most important policy decisions related to it; and third, the lessons that might usefully be applied at future ITU conferences and criteria that will probably have to be met in order to implement the decisions taken at Kyoto.