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Scanning force microscopy (SFM) was successfully used to study the microstructures of acrylic polymer-silica nanocomposite surfaces processed by the sol-gel method. We observed excellent flatness of the dip-coated nanocomposite surfaces (root mean square roughness = 0.345 nm; mean roughness = 0.270 nm), probably due to the levelling effect of the dipping solution. SFM revealed that acrylic polymer...
Polymer composites consisting of a rigid poly(p-benzamide) (PBA) and a flexible poly(vinyl chloride-co-vinyl acetate-co-2-hydroxypropyl acrylate) (PVVH) were prepared by a two-step method. A nanoscale level of mixing in the solid state was achieved. In the first step, a turbid, viscous PBA dispersion was obtained by the direct polycondensation of p-aminobenzoic acid in N,N'-dimethylacetamide (DMAc)...
The cationic polymerization of N-vinylcarbazole (NVC) can be initiated directly by montmorillonite (MMT) The polymerization has been studied with MMT in solid phase and NVC at melting temperature (> 64 o C) or in benzene solution at 50 o C. By repeated benzene extraction of the PNVC-MMT reaction product, an intercalcate of PNVC in MMT has been isolated. I.r. spectral analysis...
A series of organic-inorganic hybrid materials have been prepared by copolymerizing styrene and alkoxysilane-methacrylate via the sol-gel process. The alkoxysilane-containing copolymer precursors were synthesized by free-radical copolymerization of styrene with an alkoxysilane-containing monomer, methacrylic acid 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl ester (MAMSE), at several feeds. The copolymer precursors were...
Via in situ intercalative free-radical polymerization, we prepared clay/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and clay/polystyrene (PS) nanocomposites from lipophilized smectic clays. The intercalation spacing in the nanocomposites and the degree of dispersion of these composites were investigated with X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy, respectively. Under some conditions, the intercalative...
The properties of unsaturated polyester (UP)/montmorillonite (MMT) nanocomposite greatly depend on the preparation procedure because of the chemical reactions and physical interactions involved. To investigate the properties and formation mechanism of UP/MMT nanocomposite, samples were prepared by two different mixing methods. The first method, simultaneous mixing, is similar to the method used for...
Via in situ free-radical copolymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) with a small amount of polar comonomers such as N,N-dimethylaminopropyl acrylamide (PAA), N,N-dimethylaminoethyl acrylate (AEA) and acrylamide (AA), we synthesized clay/copolymer-based nanocomposites from lipophilized smectic clay (SPN). The degree of dispersion and the intercalation spacing of these nanocomposites were investigated...
Epoxy–clay nanocomposites were synthesised using two montmorillonite clays (MMT) with different cation-exchange capacities (CEC) (94 and 140meq/100g). The purpose was to investigate the influence of the CEC of the clay on the synthesis and structure of epoxy–clay nanocomposites. The dispersion of the 1nm thick clay layers was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy...
We examined the correlation between the internal structure and the ionic conductivity behavior of lipophilized smectic clay (SPN)/polymer nanocomposites having various dispersed morphology of the clay layers. Both polystyrene (PS)/SPN and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)-co-acrylamide (AA) (99/1mol rate)/SPN intercalated nanocomposites, which have finer dispersion of the clay layers, exhibited higher...
A new type of low dielectric polyimide/poly(silsesquioxane)-like (PI/PSSQ-like) hybrid nanocomposite material is successfully prepared from the polyimide (ODA–ODPA) precursor containing phenyltrialkoxysilane (PTS) at two chain ends and monoaryltrialkoxysilane with a self-catalyzed sol–gel process. We employ p-aminophenyltrimethoxysilane (APTS) to provide bonding between the PTS and ODPA–ODA phase...
The structure development and crystallization behaviour of polypropylene (PP) containing nanoparticles of calcium phosphate prepared by a new route based on matrix mediated control of growth and morphology was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical microscopy and DSC techniques. The results obtained were compared with that of PP containing conventionally prepared calcium phosphate (CaP0)...
The fabrication of nanocomposite of syndiotactic polystyrene (sPS)/organophilic clay was conducted by melt intercalation. To avoid the decrease of interlayer spacing due to desorption of organic materials at high temperature, various amorphous styrenic polymers were introduced during the melt mixing process. The nanocomposites were fabricated via two different methods, one is the stepwise mixing method,...
The study was carried out on nanocomposites consisting of nanoscopic silica fillers embedded in polyamide 6. Various composite systems were prepared through in situ polymerisation, with different elementary particle diameters and filler contents as variables. The morphological investigation demonstrated the non influence of the particle presence on the crystalline phase of such composites. The introduction...
We have prepared the intercalated nanocomposites of polypropylene (PP)/clay (PPCNs) successfully using maleic anhydride modified PP (PP-MA) and organophilic clay via melt extrusion process. The hierarchical structure of the PPCNs from the structure of confined PP-MA chains, in the space a few nanometer width between silicate galleries to crystalline lamellae of 7-15nm thickness and spherulitic texture...
Maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene (maleated polyethylene)/clay nanocomposites were prepared by simple melt compounding. The exfoliation and intercalation behaviors depended on the hydrophilicity of polyethylene grafted with maleic anhydride and the chain length of organic modifier in the clay. When the number of methylene groups in alkylamine (organic modifier) was larger than 16, the exfoliated...
Poly(styrene-co-styrene sulfonate) (PS-PSS) latexes have been coated with thin overlayer of polyaniline (PANI) to produce electrically conductive 'core-shell' particles (PANI/PS-PSS) in the size of range 30-50nm in diameter. PS-PSS core particles were prepared by radical emulsion copolymerization and PANI was oxidatively polymerized using ammonium peroxydisulfate (APS) on the surface of PS-PSS latex...
Dissolution and reprocessing of exfoliated montmorillonite-nylon 6 (NLS) nanocomposite is demonstrated, illustrating the potential of using polymer nanocomposites as the foundation for fabricating nano- and mesoscopic structures, nanofibers in this case, and thus exerting hierarchical control of morphology and form through the combination of a nanostructured material and a nanoscale fabrication technique...
In this paper, graphite/polystyrene nanocomposite is synthesized by in situ polymerization of styrene in a tetrahydrofuran (THF) solution system of potassium (K)–THF–graphite intercalation compound (GIC). K–THF–GIC has proved to initiate polymerization of styrene by the anionic mechanism. Due to the interfacial interaction between the graphite nanolayers and the polymer, the composites exhibit higher...
Polyethylene-layered silicate nanocomposites were prepared by the in situ intercalative polymerization of ethylene by the so-called polymerization-filling technique and analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic mechanical analysis and tensile testing. Non-modified montmorillonite and hectorite were first treated...
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to investigate PA6/clay nanocomposites (PA6CN) with various cooling histories from the melt, including rapid cooling (water-quenched), middle-rate cooling (air-cooling) and slow cooling (mold-cooling). In contrast to pure PA6 dominated by the α-phase, the addition of clay silicate layers favor the formation of the γ-crystalline phase in PA6CN.We focus...
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