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A foot-and-mouth disease virus mutant which is stable at pH 6.4 has been isolated from a virus of serotype A. In contrast to the parent (P) virus, which gave a mixture of large and small plaques in BHK21 cells and in a bovine kidney cell line, the acid-resistant (AR) virus gave small plaques which did not increase markedly in size after 24 hr. The infectivity titer of the acid-resistant virus was...
Two different forms of rubella virus E2 glycoproteins were expressed in insect cells: intact wild-type E2 and a soluble form of E2 (E2ΔTm) glycoprotein, in which the C-terminal membrane-anchor domain was deleted. E2ΔTm behaved as a secretory protein and was secreted abundantly (5 mg/liter) from insect cells. In contrast to wild-type E2 (36 kDa), E2ΔTm was secreted into the media and was detected as...
We used the yeast interactive trap system to identify a cellular protein which interacts with the nucleoprotein of influenzaA viruses. This protein, nucleoprotein interactor 1 (NPI-1) is the human homolog of the yeast protein SRP1. SRP1 was previously identified as a suppressor of temperature-sensitive RNA polymerase I mutations (R. Yano, M. Oakes, M. Yamaghishi, J. Dodd, and M. Nomura, Mol. Cell...
To assess the utility of vaccinia virus recombinants in the development of an immune response against HPV capsidantigens, 5-week-old C57B16 female mice were administered either purified HPV 1 capsids produced by a vaccinia virus recombinant or the recombinant vaccinia virus itself. Animals were boosted at Week 4 with either agent. Mice developed a serum IgG antibody response in all the administration...
The details of intracellular transport pathways for glycosylated proteins remain incompletely described. We previouslydescribed a mutant Rous sarcoma virus envelope glycoprotein (gp), μ26, with an altered membrane-spanning domain that was targeted to Iysosomes after traversing the trans-Golgi. This mutant protein was not detectable on the cell surface by immunofluorescence, but its pathway for degradation...
A series of frameshift, deletion, and inversion mutations were made in the coat protein (CP) gene of the icosahedralcucumber necrosis tombusvirus (CNV) to investigate the role of the CP protruding (P) domain in the production of virus particles and, also, to investigate the basis for the accumulation of CP deletion derivatives previously reported in plants inoculated with PD(−), a P-domainless CNV...
HIV-1 gene expression is activated via an interaction between the virally encoded Tat protein and a target RNA, TAR.TAR is located at the immediate 5′ end of all viral mRNAs and comprises a partially base-paired stem with a tripyrimidine bulge in the upper stem and a hexanucleotide loop. In vitro, Tat binds specifically to the bulge and upper stem region with no requirement for the loop. In contrast,...
In the lymph nodes of individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), there is evidence that points to threekinds of virus-cell relationships. Virions may be associated with CD4 + lymphocytes that are actively producing virus or may be bound at the surfaces of follicular dendritic cells like other antigens. HIV is also harbored in CD4 + lymphocytes and monocytes/macrophages...
Transgenic tobacco plants that express a gene encoding a defective mutant of the tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) movementprotein which are known to be resistant to several tobamoviruses were inoculated with viruses from different taxonomic groups to determine the breadth of resistance. There were significant delays in the time of appearance of disease symptoms and/or there was reduced systemic accumulation...
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) was found to increase the activity of HIV-1 proteinase in vitro and in eukaryotic cells. The effect of RT on proteinase activity was dose-dependent and independent of pH or salt concentration. The cleavage of sequences corresponding to all the naturally occurring cleavage sites that could be tested in vitro was enhanced. The effect of RT on cleavage was greatest at...
The fiber genes of human adenovirus types 8, 9, 15, and two genome types of intermediate adenovirus 15/H9, allbelonging to subgenus D, were sequenced and the nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequences compared. The analyzed peptide sequences were consistent with the structural domains described for other adenoviruses: an amino-terminal tail region, an intervening shaft region composed of eight...
Forty-five kilobases of DNA, including the previously sequenced 2.2-kb inverted repeat region, located at the left terminiof the 330-kb Chlorella virus PBCV-1 genome were sequenced and analyzed. Eighty-five complete open reading frames (ORFs) larger than 195 nucleotides were identified. Thirty-seven of the 85 ORFs, which are densely packed on both strands of the DNA, were considered major ORFs. Fifteen...
We have constructed a hairpin ribozyme targeted to cleave a conserved sequence in the HIV-1 pol gene. The ribozymewas modified to include a structure-stabilizing tetraloop. In vitro studies revealed a cleavage efficiency unprecedented for hairpin ribozymes (k cat /K m = 75 min −1 μM −1 . Stable retroviral vector transduction of this ribozyme gene in T-cell lines resulted...
Pathogenesis of hantavirus infections is poorly understood. Puumala virus (PUU) is the etiologic agent of nephropathiaepidemica, a form of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome common in Europe. We have studied PUU infection in primary human monocyte/macrophages and specifically the role of interferon α (IFN-α) and cell differentiation in it. PUU infection proceeded at a low level in monocyte/macrophages,...
More than one-third of the turnip yellow mosaic virus (TYMV) genome simultaneously encodes two ORFs. We haveinvestigated the functions of the overlapping coat protein ORF and readthrough domain of ORF-206 in the 3′ region of the genome. TYMC-206 RNA, in which a second stop codon has been positioned to prevent ORF-206 readthrough, induced infections in protoplasts and plants that were indistinguishable...
B19 parvovirus is pathogenic in humans. The virus propagates in the bone marrow, where it is cytotoxic to erythroid progenitor cells. Antibodies appear in blood after infection and neutralize virus in vitro; infection appears to confer lasting immunity. The predominant immune response on immunoblot is to the minor capsid protein (VP1), which differs from the major capsid protein (VP2) by an additional...
The Mtv-6 provirus has an incomplete genome, but retains a functional superantigen gene (sag) which directs the thymicdeletion of CD4 + T cells expressing T cell receptors containing the Vβ3 or Vβ5 chains. To better understand the Mtv-6 superantigen, the structure and biological activity of the Mtv-6 provirus was analyzed. First, the complete nucleotide sequence was determined, and the mutation...
Vaccinia virus (VV) and Shope fibroma virus (SFV), representatives of the orthopox and leporipox genera, respectively,encode type I DNA topoisomerases. Here we report that the 957-nt F4R open reading frame of orf virus (OV), a representative of the parapox genus, is predicted to encode a 318-aa protein with extensive homology to these enzymes. The deduced amino acid sequence of F4R has 54.7 and 50...
The translation product of the bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1) gH gene was identified and characterized. Synthetic peptideswere used to generate specific antisera and a glycoprotein of 108K was precipitated by one of the antisera. Cross-immunoprecipitations with monoclonal antibodies to BHV-1 glycoprotein gp108 and the anti-gH peptide antiserum demonstrated that gp108 is the translation product of the...
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