Computers in Human Behavior

Items from 1 to 20 out of 5,368 results

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Volume 11, 1995 author index

Computers in Human Behavior > 1995 > 11 > Index 1 > VII

article

The Impact of Computer-Mediated Communication Systems on Biased Group Discussion

Ross Hightower, Lutfus Sayeed

Computers in Human Behavior > 1995 > 11 > 1 > 33-44

One advantage of groups is that they have access to a larger pool of expertise and knowledge than individual group members. However, groups are sometimes inefficient at sharing information and tend to focus on only a portion of the available information. This tendency has been called biased discussion. The present study examines the effects of communication mode (face-to-face vs. remote), information...

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The Psychological Impact of Technology From a Global Perspective: A Study of Technological Sophistication and Technophobia in University Students From Twenty-Three Countries

Michelle M. Weil, Larry D. Rosen

Computers in Human Behavior > 1995 > 11 > 1 > 95-133

This study examined technological sophistication and the level of technophobia in 3,392 first year university students in 38 universities from 23 countries. Technological sophistication was measured by the use of consumer technology (video-cassette recorders, microwave ovens, automated banking machines, computer/video games), university computing (classroom computers, word processing, programming...

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Personality, Religiosity and Computer Oriented Attitudes Among Trainee Teachers in Israel

Yaacov J. Katz, Leslie J. Francis

Computers in Human Behavior > 1995 > 11 > 1 > 1-8

This study examined the relationship between the Eysenckian dimensions of personality, religiosity, and attitudes towards computer assisted instruction (CAI) among a sample of 190 trainee teachers in Israel who had experienced a professionally structured induction programme in computer teaching skills. These data confirm the power of both personality and religiosity in predicting positive student...

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Applications of Bayesian Decision Theory to Intelligent Tutoring Systems

Hans J. Vos

Computers in Human Behavior > 1995 > 11 > 1 > 149-162

The purpose of this paper is to consider some applications of Bayesian decision theory to intelligent tutoring systems. In particular, it will be indicated how the problem of adapting the appropriate amount of instruction to the changing nature of student's capabilities during the learning process can be situated within the general framework of Bayesian decision theory. Two basic elements of this...

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An Exploratory Study Using Computerized Speech Recognition for Screening Depressive Symptoms

Gerardo M. González, Charles B. Spiteri, Jon-Paul Knowlton

Computers in Human Behavior > 1995 > 11 > 1 > 85-93

This exploratory study tested a computerized speech recognition application for screening depressive symptoms. A talking prototype administered the Center for Epidemiological Studies -- Depression (CES-D) scale. The study compared computerized and written forms of the CES-D with an adult population. A counterbalanced design controlled for order of administration between the two methods. A...

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Equivalence of Computerized and Traditional Research Methods: The Roles of Scanning, Social Environment, and Social Desirability

Ellen M. Whitener, Howard J. Klein

Computers in Human Behavior > 1995 > 11 > 1 > 65-75

This study explores how the use of computers to present measures might influence data and threaten validity. The results suggest that subjects' (n = 120) responses are affected by mode of administration (whether they can scan, preview, review, or change answers), social environment (group or individual), and social desirability. Future research needs to investigate these effects more carefully,...

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Reports of Visual Fatigue Resulting From Use of a Video Display Unit

Thomas W. Dillon, Henry H. Emurian

Computers in Human Behavior > 1995 > 11 > 1 > 77-84

Since the introduction of the Video Display Unit (VDU), investigations have been conducted to determine what variables, if any, produce visual fatigue when using a VDU. Human factors researchers have typically investigated relationships between VDU use and visual fatigue by having users subjectively evaluate the extent of their fatigue with a self-report questionnaire. This paper reviews four typical...

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Computer Anxiety: A Cross-Cultural Comparison of University Students in Ten Countries

Larry D. Rosen, Michelle M. Weil

Computers in Human Behavior > 1995 > 11 > 1 > 45-64

This study compared the construct of computer anxiety in university students across ten countries. A factor analysis of the Computer Anxiety Rating Scale (CARS) produced a three-factor model of computer anxiety (Interactive Computer Learning Anxiety, Consumer Technology Anxiety, and Observational Computer Learning Anxiety) for students in seven universities across the United States. The factor structures...

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Computerized, Telephone-Based Health Promotion: I. Smoking Cessation Program

Sid J. Schneider, Marc D. Schwartz, Jeffrey Fast

Computers in Human Behavior > 1995 > 11 > 1 > 135-148

A computerized, telephone-based, interactive smoking cessation program was offered free to anyone who smoked cigarettes daily. The program was intended to assist a large number of smokers without requiring them to travel, schedule time, or make a public commitment to quit smoking, and without requiring much staff time. Subjects reached the system via a toll-free call from any touch-tone telephone...

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Computer Availability, Computer Experience and Technophobia Among Public School Teachers

Larry D. Rosen, Michelle M. Weil

Computers in Human Behavior > 1995 > 11 > 1 > 9-31

Since Time named the microcomputer their Man of the Year in 1983 there has been a continued drive for public school teachers to become computer literate. A nationwide study concluded that although teachers have increased computer availability in their classrooms, they are not integrating computers into the standard curricula. The present study examined technophobia as an explanation for...

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Sensitivity Profile of 41 Psychiatric Parameters Determined by Neural Network in Relation to 8-Week Outcome

Ilan Modai, Neta I. Saban, Moshe Stoler, Avi Valevski, more

Computers in Human Behavior > 1995 > 11 > 2 > 181-190

Neural network processed 41 variables of 289 psychiatric inpatients and successfully converged (97% correlation between output and target signals) on a good 8-week outcome. The sensitivity of each parameter was calculated by ditherring the input signals one by one at 1% signal increase and computing the corresponding output. Fifteen parameters were predictors of good outcome and 17 parameters were...

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Computerized, Telephone-Based Health Promotion: II. Stress Management Program

Sid J. Schneider, Marc D. Schwartz, Jeffrey Fast

Computers in Human Behavior > 1995 > 11 > 2 > 205-214

Many interactive computer systems are being developed to provide health-related information to the public, but little research has explored how these systems should interact with their users to have the greatest impact. In the present study, 267 subjects were randomly dispersed among four versions of a computerized, interactive telephone-based stress management program in a two-by-two factorial design...

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Overcoming Relationship-Initiation Barriers: The Impact of a Computer-Dating System on Sex Role, Shyness, and Appearance Inhibitions

Bradford W. Scharlott, William G. Christ

Computers in Human Behavior > 1995 > 11 > 2 > 191-204

A survey of the users of an online computer-mediated matchmaking service showed that their communication patterns and objectives varied by their sex, shyness level, and appearance. Men generally contacted women more than vice versa, but a substantial minority of the women contacted a great number of men, suggesting that the safety and anonymity the system offered helped them break free from traditional...

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Cognitive Style, Personality, and Computer Programming

Catherine Bishop-Clark

Computers in Human Behavior > 1995 > 11 > 2 > 241-260

Within the field of computer programming there is evidence of tremendous variation among individuals achievement in programming. Cognitive styles and personality traits have been investigated as factors that may help explain some of that variability; however, they have failed to consistently explain individual differences in achievement. In the majority of these studies, computer programming has...

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The Effects of Single and Multiple Window Presentations on Achievement, Instructional Time, Window Use, and Attitudes During Computer-Based Instruction

Larry Allan Benshoof, Michael Graves, Simon Hooper

Computers in Human Behavior > 1995 > 11 > 2 > 261-272

This study investigated the effects of single and multiple window presentation on achievement, instructional time, window use, and attitudes of fourth grade students during computer-based instruction. A total of 127 fourth grade students, classified as high and low ability, completed a computer-based mathematics lesson and a delayed posttest. High ability students answered more quiz problems correctly...

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Using Computers to Make Judgments: Correlations Among Predictors and the Comparison of Linear and Configural Rules

Howard N. Garb

Computers in Human Behavior > 1995 > 11 > 2 > 313-324

Statistical prediction is an important method for predicting and describing human behavior. Though linear rules are generally recommended for prediction tasks, configural rules can do well. Their success seems to be related, in part, to whether correlations among predictors are negative. One may wonder how frequently predictors are negatively correlated in real-life settings and whether the addition...

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The Centralized Intake Model for Drug Abuse Treatment: The Role of Computerized Data Management

Jeffrey A. Hoffman, Sid J. Schneider, Joseph J. Koman, Patrick M. Flynn, more

Computers in Human Behavior > 1995 > 11 > 2 > 215-222

Several large research programs are underway that evaluate the centralized intake model for drug abuse treatment. In this model, the drug abuse treatment facilities in a city do not operate independently; their efforts are coordinated through a small number of intake centers, which handle all patient intake and data management activities. The success of such a coordinated approach to drug abuse...

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Using Computer and Video Technologies to Develop Interpersonal Skills

J. Olin Campbell, Cheryl A. Lison, Terry K. Borsook, Jay A. Hoover, more

Computers in Human Behavior > 1995 > 11 > 2 > 223-239

Two studies investigated ways in which computer and video technology can support expert human coaches in order to reduce instructor time and potentially increase access to powerful learning environments. The content goal was to train undergraduate students to facilitate others' interpersonal problem solving. In Experiment 1 the standard classroom treatment used instructor lecture and guided discussion,...

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The Simulated Class as a Method for Studying Teacher Decision Making

Seymore Simon, Raymond Ditrichs, J. Brown Grier

Computers in Human Behavior > 1995 > 11 > 2 > 163-180

In four experiments, college students acting as teachers allocated group and individual instructional time to a simulated class of six students whose performances followed Thurstone's 1930 learning function. In each experiment, teachers adopted a policy aimed at balancing the achievement means and variances, allocating about 50% of the time to group instruction and the remainder to individual instruction...

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INFONA - science communication portal

Computers in Human Behavior

Volume 11, 1995 author index

The Impact of Computer-Mediated Communication Systems on Biased Group Discussion

The Psychological Impact of Technology From a Global Perspective: A Study of Technological Sophistication and Technophobia in University Students From Twenty-Three Countries

Personality, Religiosity and Computer Oriented Attitudes Among Trainee Teachers in Israel

Applications of Bayesian Decision Theory to Intelligent Tutoring Systems

An Exploratory Study Using Computerized Speech Recognition for Screening Depressive Symptoms

Equivalence of Computerized and Traditional Research Methods: The Roles of Scanning, Social Environment, and Social Desirability

Reports of Visual Fatigue Resulting From Use of a Video Display Unit

Computer Anxiety: A Cross-Cultural Comparison of University Students in Ten Countries

Computerized, Telephone-Based Health Promotion: I. Smoking Cessation Program

Computer Availability, Computer Experience and Technophobia Among Public School Teachers

Sensitivity Profile of 41 Psychiatric Parameters Determined by Neural Network in Relation to 8-Week Outcome

Computerized, Telephone-Based Health Promotion: II. Stress Management Program

Overcoming Relationship-Initiation Barriers: The Impact of a Computer-Dating System on Sex Role, Shyness, and Appearance Inhibitions

Cognitive Style, Personality, and Computer Programming

The Effects of Single and Multiple Window Presentations on Achievement, Instructional Time, Window Use, and Attitudes During Computer-Based Instruction

Using Computers to Make Judgments: Correlations Among Predictors and the Comparison of Linear and Configural Rules

The Centralized Intake Model for Drug Abuse Treatment: The Role of Computerized Data Management

Using Computer and Video Technologies to Develop Interpersonal Skills

The Simulated Class as a Method for Studying Teacher Decision Making

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