To evaluate variations in humeral torsion in elite male volleyball players and determine whether these changes are related to training history, retrospective injury history and volleyball performance.Cross sectional design.Twenty-four elite male volleyball players.Humeral torsion, passive gleno-humeral rotation ranges and the available internal and external rotation from the humeral torsion neutral position of the dominant and non-dominant arm were measured. Training history and retrospective injury status were ascertained from a questionnaire. Performance was assessed by coach perceived spiking ability and peak serve velocity measures.Humeral torsion angles demonstrated the dominant arm to be on average 9.6° more retroverted than the non-dominant arm (p=0.00). In the comparison of volleyball players with and without a history of overuse upper limb injury the most significant finding is on the non-dominant side, those with a history of injury had significantly decreased available external rotation from the humeral torsion neutral position (mean difference=−15.1, p=0.04). There was an unexpected negative weak relationship between age commenced and decreased humeral retroversion (r=−0.413, p=0.045). There did not appear to be any relationship between humeral torsion and performance measures.The dominant arm of elite male volleyball athletes is more retroverted. There was a tendency for stronger findings in the non-dominant arm in volleyball players with retrospective injury history. We were unable to find any significant correlation between humeral torsion angle and performance measures.