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The paper presents vertical distribution of temperature in 21-meter height level of the air. Time of appearance and disappearance of frost, rapidity of changes and vertical range of frost level were stated. Results presented in the paper refer to frost caused strong radiation and for the nights with poor radiation and stronger wind velocity separately.
In the present study changes in the sod-formation of 8 lawn grass mixtures during four consecutive years of their usage were presented. Evaluation o f sod fonnation by the mixtures was conducted once a month applying a scalę from 1 to 9 (1 - an unfavourable feature, 9 - a highly desirable feature). Twenty-three to twenty-six cuts at a height of 4 cm were carried out during vegetation periods in the...
The paper is bringing knowledge of effects of an urban aglomeration Ursynów-Natolin on the differentiation of precipitation regime. Means differences of precipitation and student index is given in Table 1. The course of differences monthly sums precipitation (Ursynów-Okęcie) and trend for the period 1960-2000 is given in Fig. 1. Polynominal model course of differences monthly sums precipitation (Ursynów-Okęcie)...
Punch and broadcast sowing used in establishing grass of surfaces sporting facilities. The paper presents the results of studies on suitability of two surface sowings - broadcast and punch sowing. The lawns were used as football piches. The study includes also single and double seeding. On the basis of the results in can be stated that in the year o f establishm ent and for two successive years of...
Ecophysiographic studies become a new element of the Polish spatial planning system. It gives wide background for two main planning works performed on the local level: study on preconditions and direction of spatial management for a community and local plans of spatial management. In this case there is a need to work out new methods for environmental and landscape evaluation. In the article, author...
In order to ensure a good condition of recreation and the grass surface of sports fields, cultivation and irrigation are necessary. Irrigation under our conditions is necessary intervention. This results from our climate (frequent and long-lasting droughts and the properties of draining layer, which ensures a quick rain water discharge and has no water capacity, i.e. the possibility of absorbing and...
Disease, their causal agents and occurrence on turfgrasses were studied in 1990-2000. The influence of diseases on lawn characters in different systems of maintenance was evaluated. Studies concemed the most important species used for lawn in Poland, such as Lolium perenne, Poa pratensis and Festuca rubra. Some experiments were performed additionally on other species as Festuca ovina, Festuca arundinacea...
In years 1999-2000 an experiment was carried out in the Brody Experimental Station in which the author assessed the usefulness of 20 cultivars of Festuca rubra and 4 cultivars of Festuca ovina for extensive lawn utilisation in the year of sowing and in the first year of utilisation. The experiments comprised the following determinations: the degree of plant tillering (9° scale), number of leaves per...
The aspect of safety has becorne one of the leading factor that detennine consumers’ choice of food. This can be attributed to an inereasing consumer awareness, formed and shaped by numerous sources that offer infonnation on the subject. That is why in food production (e.g. vegetables), more attention should be paid to quality understood in terms of safety and not only sensory attractiveness of food...
The paper presents results of potential evaporation measured by the use of class A pan evaprimeter for the period 1997-1999 in Ursynów WAU and Wild evaporimeter for period 1961-1963 in Przemyśl. Mean monthly sums daytime and night-time evaporation (state on the base of sunrise and sunset time) of class A pan evaporimeter are presented in table 1. Mean rate of night-time evaporation amounts 7,7% for...
The objective of the research project was to determine the predisposition of Festuca rubra cultivars to deposit mat on lawns in their first year after establishment. In a field experiment of randomised blocks (blocks of 1 m2 in three replications) carried out in the Brody Experimental Station, twenty cultivars of Red Fescue fertilised with the following two levels of NPK fertilisation (kg/ha): I -...
Application of ICEAS-SBR Cyklob technology gives good results in treating of municipal waste water also together drainage in ground as receiver. ICEAS bioreactor has lower efficiency however is’s good enough when effluent from WWTP runs directly to the ground through drainage system. Seąuenced outlet has this advantage that operation of drainage is easier. WWTP in LZD SSGW in Rogów has very good result...
Infliltration process is usually described using unsteady model of water flow in unsaturated porous media. The paper presents mathematical analysis of infiltration process during irrigation of surface soils. The analysis alow to estimate the optimal condition for border irrigation system.
The paper presents analysis of influence meteorological elements on winter wheat yield in selected research stations of Polish Lowland: Kościelec, Sulejów and Zybiszów. Warm years and wet years were selected of all long-term data independently and regression equations were worked out for these two types of years. The influence of precipitation distribution during last phenological periods of crop...
The paper presents data conceming factors affecting the air conditions in soils. Effect of temperature on respiration of roots and microorganisms are discussed. Grasses has a good tolerance for a low oxygen concentration as compared with other crops. Nevertheless there are differences among species of grasses as regards reaction on oxygen diffusion rate (ODR). Presented data show that the ODR at 1...
A phytosociological method further to Braun-Blanquet was used for the evaluation of the floristic composition of grass surfaces of 10 sports fields in the autumn of 2000 and the spring of 2001. Degrees of quantity and constancy, cover coefficicnts, number of species in a record and sward compactness were studied. Some chemical propertics of the upper soil layer of the sports fields studied was also...
The paper contains some rules which should be taken under consideration at turf management. The proposition of classification of turf according to the intensity of maintenance (type of turf) and goal of management (kind of turf) were done. It was presented parameters of teclnology which can be a ”key” for specialisation of turf. The system of turf quality evaluation was proposed. Festuca spp cultivars...
The earth dams breach erosion is analyzed using dimensionless analytical Solutions for rectangular breach given by Singh and Quiroga (1988). Data for the historical failure of Teton Dam are used to test these solutions. The calculated changes of breach bottom elevation with time are used for prediction breach outflow hydrograph. The one-dimensional unsteady flow model in reservoir was applied for...
Advances in the preparation of grass mixtures, which occurred in the course of years, resulted in the reduction of the use of single grass species. Utilising increasingly comprehensive information about possibilities of grass competitiveness as well as their response to site conditions, it is easy to select appropriate components for seed mixtures. When deciding to sow a single species, it is essential...
In the year 2000 the investigations aimed at determining the degree of turfness and plant species of 16 football pitches of the Wrocław District League were carried out. It was found that some grass species appeared in the process of natural plant succession, or by sod seeding resulting from grass damage during football games. Weed infestation in the majority of pitches was high (from 6% to 63%),...
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