Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska
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Analitical model of grundwater discharge in two layer medium has been considered. Formulas for drain discharge, pressure in the two layers and lowering of groundwater level have been found.
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The paper presents the results of comparing two different ways of renovating run-down swards. The study included depth seeding-punch and slot seeding. The seeds were sown in one, two and three dozes.The factor that decided the success of renovation was, in both cases, a proper opening and penetration of the sod level. Shallow slot seeding and good contact with soil had a positive effect on germination...
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The paper presents preliminary results of studies on the effect of sward type on some football elements. The investigations were performed on three football fields before renovation (hard sward) and on the same fields after renovation (soft sward). The following elements of the play were considered: good shots at the goals, outs and player contusions on a specific field. The study revealed greater...
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Poland have poor water resources. What is more, they are unevenly distributed in space and time. Human activity has made water balance even worse in many cases and inerease in the frequency of extreme phenomena such as floods and draughts. One of the methods to improve water balance is development of the so called small retention consists mainly in the inerease of the potential retention abilities...
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In the year 2000 the investigations aimed at determining the degree of turfness and plant species of 16 football pitches of the Wrocław District League were carried out. It was found that some grass species appeared in the process of natural plant succession, or by sod seeding resulting from grass damage during football games. Weed infestation in the majority of pitches was high (from 6% to 63%),...
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The article deals with the problem of the pollution mixing in rivers. Only pollutants which are hydrodynamically undistinguishable from a river water are taken into consideration. Is assumed, that the pollutants are passive, are defined as all kinds of chemical substances that mixreadily with water but do not react with it. Pollutants discharged into the river are mixed with the water of river due...
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The research was realized in the period form January 1997 to Decem ber 2000. The following characteristics were worked out: precipitation total and wind direction distribution for winter half-year and summer half-year periods and for whole year, monthly sums of precipitation for the period 1997-2000, precipitation wind roses at Ursynów WAU meteorological station. The highest precipitation totals were...
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Advances in the preparation of grass mixtures, which occurred in the course of years, resulted in the reduction of the use of single grass species. Utilising increasingly comprehensive information about possibilities of grass competitiveness as well as their response to site conditions, it is easy to select appropriate components for seed mixtures. When deciding to sow a single species, it is essential...
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The earth dams breach erosion is analyzed using dimensionless analytical Solutions for rectangular breach given by Singh and Quiroga (1988). Data for the historical failure of Teton Dam are used to test these solutions. The calculated changes of breach bottom elevation with time are used for prediction breach outflow hydrograph. The one-dimensional unsteady flow model in reservoir was applied for...
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The paper present natural an technical aspects, which need to take account when we want to design sports turf. It is necessary to use habitat information like, weather, water and soil conditions. A very important elements is adaptation suitable mixture of grasses, optimal range and level of cultivation lawns and specification of optimal using of designing sport grounds.
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The paper presents vertical distribution of temperature in 21-meter height level of the air. Time of appearance and disappearance of frost, rapidity of changes and vertical range of frost level were stated. Results presented in the paper refer to frost caused strong radiation and for the nights with poor radiation and stronger wind velocity separately.
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The paper aimed at finding out the relation between SO2 concentration and air temperature in winter months. The connection between air temperature and sulphur dioxide concentration is related to the temperature value. Decrease of air temperature accompanies inerease of SO2 concentration (the air temperature below -5°C). At the air temperature more than -5°C increase of air temperature accompanies...
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One of the reasons for emergency failures and poor sod formation on the grass sports fields can be found in poor seed ąuality of some species included in the mixtures. Moreover, contribution of individual components in the mixture often differs from the composition declared on the package. The studies carried out showed that out of 7 grass mixtures for the sports fields sodding, the share of seeds...
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The choosen species and varieties of gazon grasses sown in a pure sowing and mixtures on sport lawns were investigated. In the year of sowing estimated: emergence of plants, propagation and general aspect (scale 9°). Exact experiment microfields founded on 14 may 1998 with split-plot method, there times repeted, on antropogenic soil, formed from loamy sand. Soil before sowing soil was enriched in...
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In an experim ent established in 1999 at the premises of the Agricultural University in Poznań, colour changeability of a Kentucky blue-grass lawn developed from Limousine (G) and Ani (PL) cultivars as well as a mixture of Canadian cultivars called Trawan was investigated. During the period of vegetation, the lawn was fertilised with annual quantities of 200 kg/ha N, 70 kg/ha P2O5 and 120 kg/ha K2O...
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In the present study changes in the sod-formation of 8 lawn grass mixtures during four consecutive years of their usage were presented. Evaluation o f sod fonnation by the mixtures was conducted once a month applying a scalę from 1 to 9 (1 - an unfavourable feature, 9 - a highly desirable feature). Twenty-three to twenty-six cuts at a height of 4 cm were carried out during vegetation periods in the...
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Breeding work started already in the thirties, but the first six species of lawn grasses were entered into the Register of Cultivars as late as 1966. Dynamic development of the breeding work and species evaluation based on the instructions worked out, started in the eighties (Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute, Research Centre for Cultivar Testing). In recent years, there is a growing regress...
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Condition of sward of a football green had benn tested during the first year of its utilization. The football field was built on a clay soil, whose top layer of 1 to 5 cm contained peat-mineral material. The large content of floatable parts in the soil caused the fonnation of stagnant water pools during rain, and surface cracks at drought spells. The conditions for grass growth differed also due to...
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Carried out studies of renovation of destroyed grass surfaces allow ed on stating that there are certain interdependence betw een sun-lit conditions, renovation m ethod and renovation effect in the first year after renovation m easures. On the contrary, the significant differences among surfaces seeded with Polish and foreign mixtures have not been stated. On sites on the eastern side of hedge (sites...
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Punch and broadcast sowing used in establishing grass of surfaces sporting facilities. The paper presents the results of studies on suitability of two surface sowings - broadcast and punch sowing. The lawns were used as football piches. The study includes also single and double seeding. On the basis of the results in can be stated that in the year o f establishm ent and for two successive years of...
