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The article deals with the problem of the pollution mixing in rivers. Only pollutants which are hydrodynamically undistinguishable from a river water are taken into consideration. Is assumed, that the pollutants are passive, are defined as all kinds of chemical substances that mixreadily with water but do not react with it. Pollutants discharged into the river are mixed with the water of river due...
The geostatistical structural analysis was used to detect hidden mechanisms of solute transport in two contrasting temperate catchments: low land lakeland one and m ountainous. The data set consist two years of daily measurements of the discharge and two solute components for each catchment. In both catchment dissimilarity structure of analysed data in terms of semivariogram , is much the same: small...
The paper presents the results of analysis of the bed load transport conditions in the river Odra. Parameter Ks/Kr has been estimated for upper and middle course of the river Odra. Its values are considerably less than 1.0 and can be even equal 0.3. The bed load transport intensity has been calculated by means of the Meyer-Peter and Müller formula (MPM). Parameter Ks/Kr, of this formula, has a great...
The main aim of the present study is to compare a wide set of methods for estimation solute concentrations in river outflow, both statistical parameters of population and instant values. The reference data set consist two years of daily measurements from two catchments: lowland and mountainous. Each data set was modified to simulate seven series of measurements with weekly intervals. This allows to...
The hydrologic and environmental studies were carried out in the middle Wkra river natural and reclaimed sections. The reclamation caused the unbending of the riverbed route but did not caused the disappearance of typical, repeatable river microhabitats. The reclaimed sections are only a little bit less environmentally valuable than natural ones. The vertebrate and invertebrate fauna are very similar...
The studies, canded out on reclaimed and close-to-nature sections of the middle Wkra, allowed for identification and presentation of basic, repeatable types of microhabitats in the riverbed. The specific invertebrate fauna is characteristic for each of such microhabitat. Some species live only in one or few microhabitats. The river-sections with muddy bottom (especially marginal parts of the riverbed...
Drought is usually considered to be a period in which the river flow decreases below the flow mean value. Most of information concerning the drought occurrence could be obtained on the basis of variation analysis of average and Iow river stages and flows. The rainfall as the main source of river supply is an essential factor determining the occurrence of dry years and drought years. Summary of Iow...
The transport processes in rivers in many cases can be represented by depth-averaged, two-dimensional advection-diffusion equation. The equation with general boundary and initial conditions does not have an exact analytical solution, and therefore problem requires numerieal methods. It is important to choose an algorithm, which is accurate, stable and fast. The Altemating Direction Implicit method...
On the border sector of Odra River between Chałupki town and Olza mouth unique meanders occur, with dynamic river-bed processes. As a result of the 1997-flood, the meander no. I was broken and the river route has been shorted. The authors sampled sediments from Odra river and evaluated incipient motion and suspension. At present, river-bed at entry to meander no I is armored. The resistance coefficients...
Ramowa Dyrektywa Wodna wprowadziła ekologiczne podejście do oceny i klasyfikacji wód. Makrofity stały się jednym z czterech elementów oceny biologicznej. Niniejsze badania zostały przeprowadzone w celu sprawdzenia zależności między biologicznymi, chemicznymi i hydromorfologicznymi metodami oceny rzek oraz dla porównania składu gatunkowego makrofitów w różnych typach wysokościowych rzek. Wykazano,...
Przyjęta w 2010 roku w krajach Unii Europejskiej ramowa dyrektywa wodna (RDW) ustanowiła badania hydromorfologiczne cieków jako wspierające biologiczną ocenę stanu ekologicznego wód. Celem pracy była próba wykazania zależności między różnymi wskaźnikami hydromorfologiczymi w sposób syntetyczny przedstawiającymi siedlisko a roślinnością wodną w rzekach wyżynnych i górskich. Przeprowadzone analizy wykazały...
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